生命科学创新报告:新兴研发趋势的数据驱动观点.pdf
生命科学创新报告 新兴研发趋势的数据驱动观点 Christopher McKenna: 科睿唯安专业服务和咨询全球负责人 Steve Arlington博士 , 皮斯托亚联盟总裁 2科睿唯安 | 生命科学创新报告 目录 简介 . 3 代表性创新摘要 . 3 关键信息汇总 . 4 我们周围的创新 . 4 全球生物医药研发指标 . 5 药物开发的关键趋势 . 6 药物靶点创新 . 8 生物药靶点 . 11 在研药物聚焦的疾病 . 14 IT创新的视角与趋势 .20 “ 研究前沿 ” 的创新概况 . 25 “ 研究前沿 ” 中的药物研发的代表性创新 . 30 代表性创新和IT的监管视角 . 37 方法学 . 44 3科睿唯安 | 生命科学创新报告 简介 大多数从事生物医药研发或更为广泛的生命科学行业的人 士都同意 , 创新很重要 。 但是 , 什么是创新?“ 什么是创新 ” 在 谷歌搜索里有超过10亿点击 。 然而 , 除了最热门的搜索结果 外 , 谷歌字典并没有增加任何见解来解释这个问题 :“ 创新的 行动或过程 ”。 不过 , 在完成这份报告以及寻找支持这份报告 的数据时 , 对于如何定义和确定生命科学领域的创新 , 我们 得出了新的观点 。 不同的人对于创新有着不同的看法 , 这很 正常 。 因此 , 我们不是试图在生命科学领域建立一个通用的 创新定义 、 用不同的方式去包括不同利益相关人感兴趣的多 种形式的创新 , 而是通过数据的视角来看待创新 。 我们通过 论文 、 专利 、 药物管线和药物靶点等相关数据完成这份报告 , 其目的是: 1) 进行生命科学行业不同利益相关者都可能感兴 趣的创新观察; 2) 建立一个跨多个可链接来源的可重复的数 据分析方法 。 在每个章节中 , 都包含了专门主题的排名数据 , 以及所使用的数据源 、 方法学 , 同时还列出了所有关键信息 。 创新的过程并不是一件孤立的事情; 它不受时间 、 地点 、 规则 或行业的限制 。 创新的过程是一个持续的学习过程 , 由于大 量创新发现所代表的知识在扩展 , 所以其中一个发现是基于 另一个发现而建立起来的 。 这一创新过程的输出会被记录下 来 , 特别体现在两个重要方面: 第一 , 创新发表在科学论文 上 。 论文发表需要经过同行评审 , 以确保研究的真实性和新 颖性 。 一旦发表 , 论文中包含的信息就可以被阅读 , 不断地产 生出新的创新 。 记录创新的第二个方法是专利 。 专利的目的 是为了保护创新 , 通常是为了一些商业或经济利益 。 在这份 分析报告中 , 我们的数据源来自于论文和专利 , 同时也使用 与论文和专利交叉索引的二级来源 , 包括药物管线数据和药 物靶点 、 适应症数据 。 这两类数据还包括有来自新闻 、 科学会 议 、 政府网站和金融分析师的数据等 。 科学文献分析聚焦在 生物医学和临床科学中前1%的高被引论文 。 代表性创新摘要 在本报告中 , 我们通过使用论文计量测量来衡量科学论文 , 选取了一部分有特色的创新 , 并且基于其在生物医药研发中应用的成 熟度对它们进行分类 。 我们使用了一种被称为 “研究前沿 ”( Research Fronts) 的分析方法 , 在后面 “方法学 ” 的章节中有具体描述 。 本报告中提到的创新包括: Clarivate Analytics | The Life Sciences Innovation Report 3 Introduction Most people working in Biopharmaceutical R its not contained in time, place, discipline or industry. Its a continuous learning process, where one discovery is built upon by another as the knowledge represented by those discoveries expands. The output of that innovation process is recorded along the way, in particular, in two important ways. First, innovation is published in the scientific literature. Those publications are subject to a peer review process to uphold the veracity and novelty of the research. Once published, the information contained in those articles can be read and interpreted, continuously feeding innovation. The second way innovation is recorded is through patents, which aim to protect that innovation, usually for some commercial or financial gain. In this analysis we relied on both the literature and patent sources, but we also used secondary sources cross-indexed with literature and patents, including drug pipeline data and drug-target- indication data, both of which also include data sourced from news, scientific conferences, government websites and financial analysts, to name a few. The scientific literature analysis focused on the top 1% of the highly cited scientific literature in biomedical and clinical sciences. Summary of Featured Innovations In this report we feature several innovations as measured through the scientific literature using bibliometric measures and classified based on their maturity in application to Biopharmaceutical R U.S. FDA. Key Messages Since the beginning of the decade until the end of 2017, NME launches have been trending upward, with each of the past four years higher than any of the previous four years. During that same time R Eisai Co Ltd Beta amyloid bempedoic acid Esperion Therapeutics Inc Niemann-Pick C1-like protein-1 inhibitor; ATP citrate lyase inhibitor; AMP activated protein kinase stimulator upadacitinib AbbVie Inc Jak1 tyrosine kinase semaglutide Novo Nordisk A/S Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor selinexor Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc; Ono Biopharmaceutical Exportin 1 betibeglogene darolentivec Bluebird Bio Inc. HBB gene risankizumab AbbVie Inc; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH IL-23 roxadustat Astellas Pharma Inc; AstraZeneca plc; FibroGen Inc HIF prolyl hydroxylase lisocabtagene maraleucel Celgene Corp; Juno Therapeutics Inc B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 ozanimod Receptos Inc Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 and 5 Key Message Biogen/Eisais aducanumab is an important Amyloid Beta hypothesis test, since verubecestat (Merck Eisai Co Ltd 淀粉样蛋白 bempedoic acid Esperion Therapeutics Inc Niemann-Pick C1型类似蛋白 1抑制剂 ; ATP 柠檬酸裂解酶抑制剂;AMP 活化 蛋白激酶刺激剂 upadacitinib AbbVie Inc Jak1 酪氨酸激酶 semaglutide Novo Nordisk A/S 胰高血糖素样肽 1 受体 selinexor Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc; Ono Biopharmaceutical Exportin 1 betibeglogene darolentivec Bluebird Bio Inc. HBB 基因 risankizumab AbbVie Inc; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH IL-23 roxadustat Astellas Pharma Inc; AstraZeneca plc; FibroGen Inc HIF 脯氨酰羟化酶 lisocabtagene maraleucel Celgene Corp; Juno Therapeutics Inc B 淋巴细胞抗原 CD19 ozanimod Receptos Inc 鞘氨醇 -1- 磷酸受体 -1 和 5 关键信息 自从verubecestat ( 默沙东 )、 atabecestat( 强生 ) 和 lanabecestat( 阿斯利康 /礼来 ) 以来 , 所有的 BACE抑制剂 在 2018年都没有达到主要终点 , 因此百健(Biogen)/卫 材(Eisai)的aducanumab作为值得关注的III期临床阶段关 键药物,是一个重要的对淀粉样蛋白假设的检验。 8科睿唯安 | 生命科学创新报告 药物靶点创新 通过统计在研药物 , 发现的正在开发的药物 ( 小分子和生物制剂 ) 中最多的靶点 方法 : 最近2.5 年里正在开发的在研药物中数量最多 , 以及最近 2.5年与之前 10年相比增长率最高的前10 个靶点 。 来源 : 科睿唯安 Cortellis, Integrity 通过统计在研药物,发现的正在开发的小分子药物中涉及最多的靶点 方法 : 最近2.5年里正在开发的在研药物中数量最多 , 以及最近2.5年与之前10年相比增长率最高的前10个小分子药物靶点 。 来源 : 科睿唯 安Cortellis , Integrity Clarivate Analytics | The Life Sciences Innovation Report 8 Drug Target Innovation Top Developing Drug Targets (Small Molecule and Biologics) by Investigational Drug Count Methodology: Top 10 targets with the greatest number of active investigational drugs under development in the last 2.5 years, and with the highest growth rate between the most recent 2.5 years vs. the previous 10 years. Source: Integrity, a Cortellis Product, from Clarivate Analytics. Top Developing Small Molecule Drug Targets by Investigational Drug Count Methodology: Top 10 small molecule targets with the greatest number of active investigational drugs under development in the last 2.5 years, and with the highest growth rates between the most recent 2.5 years vs. the previous 10 years. Source: Integrity, a Cortellis Product, from Clarivate Analytics. 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Carbonic Anhydrase 2 Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1 (PD-L1; B7-H1; CD274) Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1) Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma (RORgammaT) Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4 (Brd4) Tyrosine-Protein Kinase BTK Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR; erbB1) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-Protein Kinase Receptor Ret (RET) Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 4 (IRAK-4) Tyrosine-Protein Kinase JAK1 (JAK-1) Carbonic Anhydrase 2 Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma (RORgammaT) Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4 (Brd4) Tyrosine-Protein Kinase BTK Clarivate Analytics | The Life Sciences Innovation Report 8 Drug Target Innovation Top Developing Drug Targets (Small Molecule and Biologics) by Investigational Drug Count Methodology: Top 10 targets with the greatest number of active investigational drugs under development in the last 2.5 years, and with the highest growth rate between the most recent 2.5 years vs. the previous 10 years. Source: Integrity, a Cortellis Product, from Clarivate Analytics. Top Developing Small Molecule Drug Targets by Investigational Drug Count Methodology: Top 10 small molecule targets with the greatest number of active investigational drugs under development in the last 2.5 years, and with the highest growth rates between the most recent 2.5 years vs. the previous 10 years. Source: Integrity, a Cortellis Product, from Clarivate Analytics. 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Carbonic Anhydrase 2 Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1 (PD-L1; B7-H1; CD274) Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1) Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma (RORgammaT) Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4 (Brd4) Tyrosine-Protein Kinase BTK Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR; erbB1) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-Protein Kinase Receptor Ret (RET) Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 4 (IRAK-4) Tyrosine-Protein Kinase JAK1 (JAK-1) Carbonic Anhydrase 2 Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma (RORgammaT) Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4 (Brd4) Tyrosine-Protein Kinase BTK 9科睿唯安 | 生命科学创新报告 关键信息 在排名前10的靶点中,针对这些靶点开发的药物有95% 是小分子。其中PD-1和PD-L1是例外,处于活跃研发的 药物中有26%是生物药。PD-1/PD-L1的在研药物主要是 抗体,但也包括嵌合抗原受体-T细胞(CAR-T)、CRISPR- Cas9、基因疗法和干细胞。 乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、HIV-1蛋白酶和环氧合酶-2 (COX-2)曾被列为最活跃的在研药物开发靶点,但已 被RET、IRAK-4和JAK-1所替代,后三个靶点在过去2.5 年里增速很快。 专利授权最多的在研小分子药物靶点 过去三年里,无论是在全行业还是排名前30的创新公司(前30家小分子创新公司表格见后),在小分子药物调控靶点上,对之前没 有专利授权的靶点,授权的新专利很少。首次获授权的小分子专利中涉及最多的前11个靶点,9个在2017年最多靶点的列表里,6 个在2016年的列表里。 Clarivate Analytics | The Life Sciences Innovation Report 9 Key Messages Of the top 10 targets, 95% of the molecules under development for those targets are small molecules. PD-1 and PD-L1 are the exception, where 26% of the actively developed molecules for those targets are biologics. Those PD-1/PD-L1 investigational drugs are comprised primarily of antibodies, but also chimeric antigen receptor-T cell (CAR-T), CRISPR-Cas9, gene therapy and stem cells. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), HIV-1 protease and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were on the list of most actively investigated drugs, but were replaced by RET, IRAK-4 and JAK-1 due to the growth rate of the latter targets in the past 2.5 years. Top Small Molecule Developing Targets Patent Output by Patents Issued For the past three years there has been only small movement in new patents issued for small molecules modulating targets where no previous patent was issued for the same target, either industry-wide or in the Top 30 Innovators (Tables of Top 30 small molecule innovators on page 10). Of the top targets where patents were issued for small molecules acting on those targets from institutions for the first time, nine of the 11 were also on the list of top targets in 2017, and eight of 11 were on the list in 2016. Methodology: Small molecule targets by organizations (commercial and non-commercial) issued patents for novel molecules where no previous patents from the same organization for that target modulation exists. Patents issued in calendar year 2015 inclusive through May 2018. Note: The analysis includes issued patents, which lag patent submissions. Source: Cortellis, from Clarivate Analytics. 61 44 46 38 36 37 36 34 34 32 32 1 4 2 6 7 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 Epidermal growth factor receptor TNF alpha ligand Btk tyrosine kinase Retinoid Z receptor gamma Bromodomain containing protein 4 Jak2 tyrosine kinase Jak1 tyrosine kinase VEGF-2 receptor Flt3 tyrosine kinase Jak3 tyrosine kinase Beta amyloid Industry excluding the top 30 innovators Top 30 Innovators 方法 : 组织机构 ( 商业或非商业 ) 获得授权的创新小分子专利的靶点 , 同一组织机构在该靶点之前未有分子获得过专利 。 专利在2015年 ( 日 历年 ) 至2018年5月被授权 。 注: 本分析包括已授权专利 , 这些专利滞后于专利申请 。 来源 : 科睿唯安Cortellis 10科睿唯安 | 生命科学创新报告 方法 : 组织机构 ( 商业或非商业 ) 获得授权的创新小分子专利的靶点 , 同一组织机构在该靶点之前未有分子获得过专利 。 专利在2015 、 2016 和 2017年 ( 日历年 ) 被授权 。 注 : 本分析包括已授权专利 , 这些专利滞后于专利申请 。 来源 : 科睿唯安CMR International Biopharmaceutical R DEspR) Fumarylacetoacetase Platelet-Derived Growth Factor C (PDGFC) Tax1-Binding Protein 3 (TIP-1) Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13 (TNFSF13, APRIL) TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 (TDP-43) Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Subunit B (PDGFB) Niemann-Pick C1 Protein T-Cell Surface Glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain (CD3e) Sialic Acid Binding Ig-Like Lectin 7 (Siglec-7) Envelope Protein E (ZIKV) T-Cell Immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM Domains (TIGIT) Clarivate Analytics | The Life Sciences Innovation Report 12 Leading Biologics Therapeutic Categories by Investigational Drug Count Methodology: The top 10 biologic therapeutic categories ranked by number of investigational drugs in the global pipeline. Source: Integrity, a Cortellis Product, from Clarivate Analytics. Top Emerging Biologics Drug Targets by Investigational Drug Count Methodology: Top 14 biologics targets with the greatest number of active investigational drugs under development in the last 2.5 years, and with the highest growth rates between the most recent 2.5 years vs. previous 10 years. Source: Integrity, a Cortellis Product, from Clarivate Analytics. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Cell Therapy Stem Cell Therapy Antibody-Drug Conjugates Gene Therapy Monoclonal Antibodies Murine Monoclonal Antibodies Bispecific Antibodies Gene Therapy (Adeno-Associated Virus Vector) Human Monoclonal Antibodies Humanized Monoclonal Antibodies 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 BARF1 Protein Desmoglein-2 Dual Endothelin-1(VEGFsp)/Angiotensin II Receptor (DEAR; DEspR) Fumarylacetoacetase Platelet-Derived Growth Factor C (PDGFC) Tax1-Binding Protein 3 (TIP-1) Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13 (TNFSF13, APRIL) TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 (TDP-43) Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Subunit B (PDGFB) Niemann-Pick C1 Protein T-Cell Surface Glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain (CD3e) Sialic Acid Binding Ig-Like Lectin 7 (Siglec-7) Envelope Protein E (ZIKV) T-Cell Immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM Domains (TIGIT) 通过在研药物统计确定的主要生物制品治疗类别 根据在研药物统计,确定的主要新兴生物药靶点 方法 : 根据全球管线中在研药物的数量 , 排名前10位的生物制品治疗类别 。 来源 : 科睿唯安Cortellis , Integrity 方法 : 过去2.5年里积极开发的在研药物数量最多的 , 以及最近2.5年与之前10年相比增长率最高的前14个生物药靶点 。 来源 : 科睿唯安 Cortellis, Integrity 13科睿唯安 | 生命科学创新报告 授权专利最多的新兴生物药靶点 方法 : 组织机构 ( 商业或非商业 ) 被授权专利的最多的创新生物活性分子靶点 , 同一组织机构先前没有针对这些靶点的专利 。 专利于2015年 ( 日历年 ) 至2018年5月被授权 。 注: 本分析包括已授权专利 , 落后于专利申请 。 来源 : 科睿唯安Cortellis Clarivate Analytics | The Life Sciences Innovation Report 13 Top Emerging Biologics Drug Targets Patent Output by Issued Patents Methodology: Biologics targets by organizations (commercial and non-commercial) issued patents for novel bioactive molecules where no previous patents from the same organization for that target modulation exists for those most actively investigated biologics targets. Patents issued in calendar year 2015 inclusive through May 2018. Note: The analysis includes issued patents, which lag patent submissions. Source: Cortellis, from Clarivate Analytics. Key Messages TIGIT stands out among the biologics targets, with Top 30 also focused on Siglec-7, Niemann-Pick C1 Protein and PDGFB. The consistency between the emerging biologics targets and the targets subject of issued patents suggests that the top targets of TIGIT, Siglec-7, CD3e, Niemann-Pick C1, PDGFB and TAR-43 are all hot biologics targets as their growth in investigational drugs and patents is both increasing at the same time. Top 30 Biologic Target Innovators Company or Institution Biologics Patents University of California 183 F Hoffmann-La Roche AG; Hoffmann-La Roche Inc 112 F Hoffmann-La Roche AG; Genentech Inc 109 Regeneron Biopharmaceuticals Inc 99 Johns Hopkins University 91 MedImmune LLC 91 Novartis AG 78 Stanford University 77 Bristol-Myers Squibb Co 72 National Institutes of Health; US Health and Human Services Department 71 Harvard University 66 Agency for Science Technology DEspR) Fumarylacetoacetase Platelet-Derived Growth Fact