2020全球人才竞争力指数报告（英文版）.pdf

The Global Talent Competitiveness Index 2020Global Talent in the Age of Artificial Intelligence Bruno Lanvin and Felipe Monteiro, EditorsBruno Lanvin Felipe Monteiro Editors The Global Talent Competitiveness Index 2020Global Talent in the Age of Artificial IntelligenceINSEAD (2020): The Global Talent Competitiveness Index 2020: Global Talent in the Age of Artificial Intelligence, Fontainebleau, France. Disclaimer: No representation or warranty, either express or im- plied, is provided in relation to the information contained herein and with regard to its fitness, sufficiency, or applicability for any particular purpose. The information contained in this report is provided for personal non-commercial use and information purposes only and may be reviewed and revised based on new information and data. INSEAD, the Adecco Group, and Google Inc. disclaim all liability relating to the content and use of the report and the information contained therein, and the report should not be used as a basis for any decision that may affect the business and financial interests of the reader or any other party. The indexs methodology and the rankings do not necessarily present the views of INSEAD, Adecco, or Google Inc. The same applies to the substantive chapters in this report, which are the responsibility of the authors. 2020 by INSEAD, the Adecco Group, and Google Inc. The information contained herein is proprietary in nature and no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise without the prior per- mission of INSEAD, the Adecco Group, and Google Inc. ISBN: 979-10-95870-19-7 Designed by Kenneth Benson and Neil Weinberg, edited by Michael Fisher and Hope Steele, and published by INSEAD, F o n t ai n e b l e a u, F r an c e .CONTENTS THE GLOBAL TALENT COMPETITIVENESS INDEX 2020 iii Contents Preface .v Bruno Lanvin, Executive Director for Global Indices, INSEAD Felipe Monteiro, Academic Director of the Global Talent Competitiveness Index; Senior Affiliate Professor of Strategy, INSEAD The Adecco Group | Foreword . vii Alain Dehaze, Chief Executive Officer, The Adecco Group Google, Inc. | Foreword .ix Kent Walker, Senior Vice President of Global Affairs, Google Inc. Advisory Board and INSEAD GTCI Team .xi CHAPTERS Chapter 1: Global Talent in the Age of Artificial Intelligence . 3 Bruno Lanvin, Felipe Monteiro, and Michael Bratt, INSEAD Statistical Annex to Chapter 1 .23 Chapter 2: Latin America: The Next Big AI Talent Pool? . .39 Fabio Caversan and Marco Stefanini, Stefanini A Special GTCI Interview: AI and Talent Competitiveness: Luxembourg and the European Union . 47 An interview with Nicolas Schmit, European Union Commissioner for Jobs and Social Rights Chapter 3: Preparing for Economic Transformation through Human-Centred AI . 51 Karine Perset, Andrew Wyckoff, and Alistair Nolan, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Chapter 4: Artificial Intelligence and the SDGs: Harnessing AI for Sustainable Development . 61 Houlin Zhao, International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Chapter 5: New Skills for Augmenting Jobs and Enhancing Performance with AI .67 Dimitris Bertsimas, MIT Sloan School of Management Theodoros Evgeniou, INSEAD Chapter 6: JRC Statistical Audit of the Global Talent Competitiveness Index 2020 .73 Michaela Saisana, Hedvig Norln, Giulio Caperna, and Valentina Montalto, European Commission Joint Research Centre SPECIAL SECTION: CITIES AND REGIONS Chapter 7: Cities Talent Competitiveness in 2020: How AI Is Making a Difference at the Local Level .91 Bruno Lanvin and Michael Bratt, INSEAD Chapter 8: How Cities Use AI to Be Talent Competitive: The Example of Bilbao . 101 Ivan Jimnez Aira and Leire Lagunilla Ramos, Bizkaia Talent A Special GTCI Interview: Porsche, AI, and Talent: Why Berlin Rather Than Stuttgart? . 109 An interview with Anja Hendel, Director, Porsche Digital Lab Annex 1: Definition and sources of GCTCI variables .113 Annex 2: GCTCI rankings and scores: Overall and by variable .114CONTENTS iv THE GLOBAL TALENT COMPETITIVENESS INDEX 2020 COUNTRY PROFILES How to Read the Country Profiles . 123 Index of Countries . 125 Country Profiles . 127 DATA TABLES How to Read the Data Tables . 261 Index of Data Tables .263 Data Tables .265 APPENDICES Appendix I: Technical Notes .345 Appendix II: Sources and Definitions .349 Appendix III: About the Contributors and Partners . . 361PREFACE THE GLOBAL TALENT COMPETITIVENESS INDEX 2020 v This is the seventh edition of the Global Talent Competitiveness Index (GTCI) report. With its global coverage and wide range of variables, the GTCI continues to broaden its readership and to be used as a reference of choice by governments, business, and tal- ent experts around the world. Its city component is also rapidly gathering a large audience. This new GTCI report focuses on Global Talent in the Age of Artificial Intelligence, following the path initially explored by the GTCI 2017 theme of Talent and Technology. Big datalargely fuelled by the internet of things (IoT) has taken deep learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to levels that, until a few years ago, many considered unreachable for sev- eral decades. But in and around AI, technical advances are often mismatched with the institutions and mechanisms necessary for their full social acceptance and sustainability: Regulatory, ethical, and values-based AI strategies are among the dimensions that require specific (and coordinated) efforts. Talent competition, and labour markets in general, have started to be impacted by the rise of AI; this trend will not diminish in the foreseeable future. The analyses, chapters, and interviews contained in this report illustrate and explore sev- eral key dimensions of the talent/AI equation. Whether from the point of view of needed training and up-skilling that would allow workers to make the best of new opportunities, or from that of establishing a firm value base from which to develop AI for good, contributors to this years edition of the GTCI are highlighting the potential of AI as well as the pitfalls that can be anticipated and mitigated. Once again, the purpose of the GTCI is to be a tool for action. It is our hope that the data, inputs, and considerations contained in the following pages can be of value to the decision- makers of private and public organisations involved in talent and job creation. This year again, the GTCI model has been refined and im- proved. Some variables have been removed or replaced and a few new ones have been added. One of the main new features is the introduction of a Technology adoption component that provides a measure of how countries use and invest in new tech- nologies, including AI. As a result, the total number of indicators has increased from 68 to 70. Country coverage in the GTCI 2020 has also expanded and the index now includes 132 countries up from last years 125 countries. Now a regular feature of the report, the special section on cities offers a ranking of 155 cities along the various dimen- sions of the Global City Talent Competitiveness Index (GCTCI). This year, the model has primarily been improved in three ways: First, variables that are more business- and impact-oriented for example, those on foreign direct investment and patent applicationshave been introduced to the model. Second, the share of values proxied by regional or national data has been reduced, so that almost all values refer to city-level data. Third, the structure of the model has been refined in that some indica- tors have been placed in another pillar for conceptual reasons, which has also resulted in bringing the GCTCI model closer to the GTCI model. As last year, a time-series analysis is proposed, that looks at the evolution of national economies over a six-year period of GTCI data, illustrating ways in which countries talent competi- tiveness has changed over time, both in absolute terms and in comparison with other economies. We have also pursued our strategy of minimising the en- vironmental impact of GTCI production and dissemination. The report is now produced exclusively in electronic format, and it remains accessible for free through dedicated websites. This year again we want to express our deep feeling of grati- tude to our faithful partner, the Adecco Group. We also welcome Google as a new partner. Our thanks go to the executives and teams involved in these organisations, and also to all the indi- viduals, institutions, and entities that have contributed chapters, interviews, data, and ideas to the present edition. As in previous years, we wish to direct special thanks to the European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), which has continued its highly professional and constructive evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the GTCI model. Finally, we acknowledge with gratitude the continued support of our pres- tigious Advisory Board. The GTCI continues to be a work in progress, fed by the re- actions, suggestions, and criticisms received from its increasing circle of readers and users. We hence look forward to hearing more from you about the report, and how we can make it even better in the future.Bruno Lanvin Executive Director for Global Indices, INSEADFelipe Monteiro Academic Director of the Global Talent Competitiveness Index; Senior Affiliate Professor of Strategy, INSEAD Preface PREFACETHE GLOBAL TALENT COMPETITIVENESS INDEX 2020 vii We are witnessing one of the most fundamental shifts in society since the first industrial revolution, which mechanised and auto- mated traditional crafts, created new industries, and prompted the first wave of urbanisation. The technologies powering to- days fourth industrial revolution are being woven through every aspect of our livesfrom how we work to how we spend our free timeeven if we arent aware of them. Companies and organisations that successfully harness the power of Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning, automa- tion, and data science for the benefit of their customers, employ- ees, and society will be the winners. What does this mean for how we work? Automation, today combined with big data and AI, has migrated from the factory floor to