工业园区水管理创新指南（英文版）.pdf

Industrial Park Water Stewardship Implementation Guidance Sun Xiaodong / WWF Report 2019Preface Ren Wenwei Head of Freshwater Practice， WWF China Preface Experience at home and abroad shows that industrial parks are important to developing industries and promoting economic development. After more than three decades of development, Chinas industrial parks have played an important role in the countrys social and economic development. According to relevant statistics, industrial parks have accounted for 50% of the gross industrial output in China. Industrial parks have strengthened Chinas competitive advantage through industrial agglomeration, aggregation of production factors, industrial upgrading, economies of scale and the reduced management costs. However, the increasing number of sites in an industrial park has resulted in large amounts of wastewater, with complex pollutant compositions of high concentrations and large fluctuations. As such, wastewater treatment is a demanding job and has imposed great pressure on the surrounding water environment. Therefore, in accordance with The Environmental Protection Law of the Peoples Republic of China, The Cleaner Production Promotion Law and The Circular Economy Promotion Law, various relevant State ministries and commissions have successively introduced a series of measures and standards, such as the “eco-industrial park”, “green industrial park” and “circular economy park” to guide and regulate the construction and operation of industrial parks and promote the construction of ecological civilization in the industrial field. To facilitate these national policies play out at local level, World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), drawing lessons from global water stewardship experience and standards, has compiled the Industrial Park Water Stewardship Implementation Guidance, in cooperation with Tsinghua University, Tongji University, Nanjing University of Information Technology, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences and Jiangsu Engineering Consulting Center. Through institutional innovation and platform building, the Guidance promotes the joint participation of relevant stakeholders in the industrial park water stewardship project, including the parks management committee, sites inside the park, environmental protection companies, financial institutions and NGOs. By encouraging sites inside the parks to learn from successful cases and explore a green PPP model, the Guidance helps to enhance both parks and sites water management levels and efficiencies. The Guidance also serves as a reminder for parks to attend to water risks in their catchments in a bid to better develop a shared value of sustainable utilization of water resources among relevant stakeholders. A great variety of parks scatter across the Yangtze River basin. While promoting the social and economic development of the Yangtze River basin, these parks have also exerted great pressure on the local water environment. We expect this Guidance can help the green transformation of Chinas Yangtze River economic belt and realize President Xi Jinpings vision of promoting well-coordinated environmental conservation and avoiding excessive development. Besides, as Chinese companies explore the overseas market along the route of Belt and Road Initiative using industrial parks as a vehicle, the Guidance is expected to facilitate the building of a “green Belt and Road Initiative”. Chapter 1 General Rules Chapter 1 General Rules 4 | Industrial Park Water Stewardship Implementation Guidance Industrial Park Water Stewardship Implementation Guidance | 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 Contents General Rules 1.1 Background and Goals 8 1.2 Scope 10 1.3 Principles 11 1.4 Terms and Definitions 12 1.5 Guiding Principles for Industrial Park Water Stewardship Implementation 12 1.6 Methodology Framework 15 1.7 Basic Procedures for Industrial Park Water StewardshipImplementation 17 1.8 Implementation Bodies and their Obligations 18 1.8.1 Industrial Park Management Organizations 18 1.8.2 Sites inside the Industrial Park 19 Water Stewardship at the Site Level 2.1 Status Quo Analysis of Water Management for Sites 22 2.1.1 Analysis of a Water Management System 22 2.1.2 Establish the Water Consumption and Drainage Inventory 22 2.1.3 Quality of Water Consumed and Discharged by Sites 23 2.1.4 Chemicals Inventory and Management 24 2.1.5 Water Balance Test 24 2.1.6 Analyze Indirect Water Consumption by Raw Materials in the Supply Chain 24 2.1.7 Important Water-related Areas Surrounding Sites 25 2.1.8 Stakeholders of Sites WaterStewardship 25 2.2 Critical Actions of Water Stewardship Implementation for Sites 25 2.2.1 Develop Commitment to Water Stewardship 25 2.2.2 Develop a Water Stewardship Action Plan for Sites 25 2.2.3 Comply with Water-related Laws and Regulations 26 2.2.4 Improve Water and Energy Balance and Assume Control of Discharged Water Quality 26 2.2.5 Reinforce Chemicals Management 26 2.2.6 Strengthen Cooperation in the Supply Chain to Prevent Water Risks 26 2.2.7 Enhance Sites Ability to Respond to Water Risks 27 2.2.8 Actively Participate in Catchment Management and Jointly Addressthe Challenges of Water Stewardship 27 2.3 Sites Performance Assessment and Information Disclosure of Water Stewardship 27 Water Stewardship at an Industrial Park Level 3.1 Status Quo of Industrial Park Water Stewardship 30 3.1.1 Industrial Park Development 30 3.1.2 Water Supply for an Industrial Park 30 3.1.3 Water Consumption in an Industrial Park 30 3.1.4 Industrial Park Drainage 31 3.1.5 Water Environment in an Industrial Park 33 3.1.6 Water Saving and Re-utilization 34 3.1.7 Assessment of Industrial Park Water Management Performance 34 3.2 Identification of Water Risks in an Industrial Park 35 3.3 Industrial Park Water Stewardship Key Practices 37 3.3.1 Establish a Water ManagementInformation System in an Industrial Park 37 3.3.2 Total Control of Water Consumption in a Park 39 3.3.3 Enhance Groundwater Management and Pollution Prevention and Treatment 39 3.3.4 Take Water-Saving Actions 39 3.3.5 Standardize the Operation and Supervision of Sewage Treatment Facilities 40 3.3.6 Strengthen the Management of Key Sites with High Water Risks 40 3.3.7 Establish an Integrated Environmental Monitoring System in an Industrial Park 41 3.3.8 Employ a Third-party through Innovative Mechanisms 42 3.3.9 Reuse Sludge from WastewaterTreatment Plants 42 Industrial Park Water Stewardship Collective Actions at a Sub-basin Level 4.1 Identify Key Issues in Water Stewardship Collective Actions of IPs at a Sub-basin Level 46 4.1.1 Definition of Sub-basin Boundary 46 4.1.2 Identification of Major Ecological Risk Sources in an Industrial Park 46 4.1.3 Identification of Industrial WaterSources and Water Bodies Receiving Wastewater 47 4.1.4 Identification of Key Processes of an Industrial Park Causing Ecological Impacts to a Catchment Using a Life Cycle Assessment Method 48 4.2 Evaluation of Collaborative Water Stewardship in Parks and Sub-basins 49 4.2.1 Evaluation of a Sub-basin Habitat 50 4.2.2 Industrial Park Sub-basin EcologicalRisk Assessment 51 4.3 Industrial Park Sub-Basin Collaborative Water Stewardship Actions 51 4.3.1 Water Stewardship Actions to Improve the Relationship between an Industrial Park and a Sub-basin 51 4.3.2 Multiple Stakeholders Cooperate to Improve a Sub-basin Eco-environment 53 Water Stewardship Implementation 5.1 Planning and Organization 58 5.2 Target Indicators 58 5.3 Implementation Plan 58 5.4 Support and Guarantee 58 Evaluation and Improvement 6.1 Purpose and Scope of Evaluation 62 6.2 Content Evaluation 62 6.2.1 Industrial Park Water Management Process 63 6.2.2 Industrial Park Water Management Institutional Construction 63 6.2.3 Industrial Park Water Management Performance 63 6.3 Evaluation Methodology 64 6.3.1 Evaluation of Management Processes 64 6.3.2 Evaluation of Institutional Construction 64 6.3.3 Evaluation of Management Performance 64 6.4 Evaluation Approach 64 6.5 Continuous Improvement 65 Annex I Terms and Definitions 68 Annex II Commitment to Corporate Water Stewardship Practices 74 Annex III Questionnaire to Sites 75 Annex IV Water Risk Questionnaire with WWF Water Risk Filter 78 Annex V Habitat Quality Assessment 84 Annex VI Habitat Modification Score 87 Annex VII Indicator System for the Assessment of Industrial Park Water Stewardship 90 7 AnnexesChapter 1 General Rules Sun Xiaodong / WWFChapter 1 General Rules Chapter 1 General Rules 8 | Industrial Park Water Stewardship Implementation Guidance Industrial Park Water Stewardship Implementation Guidance | 9 1.1 Background and Goals Chinas per capita water resources account for only a quarter of the worlds average. The spatial and temporal distribution of water resources varies greatly. Over the past three decades, the acceleration of Chinas industrialization and urbanization has caused severe environmental degradation. There is an increasing contradiction between water supply and demand, and a series of water security and water environment problems have emerged. These two factors are among the major constraints on social and economic development in many regions. Water safety and water environment protection are closely related to the long-term stability of the country and the vital interests of the people. Great importance has been attached to continuously strengthening the management of water resources and improving the quality of the water environment, which are reflected in a string of important documents issued by the central government, such as the Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of an Ecological Civilization, the Opinions on Implementing the Strictest Water Resources Management System, the Action Plan for Water Pollution Prevention and Control and the Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan, etc. The major trends and features of the status quo of water resources and water environment management are as follows: First, an emphasis on systematic optimization and promotion of water pollution prevention, water ecological protection and water resources management. Water safety risk, water ecological destruction, water shortage and water environmental pollution are intertwined topics that should not be addressed in isolation; thus, a comprehensive approach is needed. Water safety and water environment protection require not only fundamental changes in the development concept and mode but also continuous innovation in science and technology, policy and management systems. Second, the control of total water consumption, a goal that is clearly articulated in the above-mentioned two documents and the “13th Five-Year Plan”. Third, saving water and tapping additional water sources. The above documents and “Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of an Ecological Civilization” posited developing and using unconventional water sources such as recycled water and seawater, scientifically exploring and using surface water and all types of unconventional water. Fourth, incorporating stricter and more transparent environmental supervision. The major measures include full coverage of automatic online monitoring, real-time disclosure of environmental information, strict management of pollutant emission into rivers (or lakes or seas), water use efficiency and pollutant emission intensity. Fifth, achieving higher standards and risk control, especially for environmental and health risks caused by specific and emerging pollutants. The growth of Chinas demand for water resources currently and in the near future is different from that of other countries. According to the “Tracking Report on Future Water Resources by 2030”, Chinas industrial water consumption will increase by 56.4 % between 2005 and 2030, the fastest growth rate. To reduce operational costs and improve the efficiency of sites to solve the challenges from water resources and the water environment, China must carry out the reform from its industries, especially improving the efficiency of industrial water use and reducing the environmental impact of industrial drainage. After more than three decades of construction and development, Chinas industrial parks have played an important role in social and economic development and, as the pioneers and backbone of industrial development, have been important in promoting urbanization. China has a large number of industrial parks. An industrial park is the most important “workshop” in the “world factory”. Because of the significant number of industrial activities, as well as the massive resource and energy consumption, there is great urgency for green, low-carbon development. There are significant difficulties in wastewater treatment in industrial parks due to the large number of sites inside the parks, the large amount of water consumed and wastewater generated, the complexity in the water quality and the high concentration, volatility and imbalance of nutrients in the industrial effluents. Therefore, advanced water management approaches for industrial parks should be applied. For many parks, their areas and catchments have poor water quality, serious ecological damage and many potential hazards for the hydrological environment. The green development of a park encounters many challenges and risks, such as water resources constraints, the intensive utilization of water resources and water pollution that requires prevention and control. Therefore, it is necessary to have an advanced water management approach for an industrial park that comprehensively considers all aspects of water pollution prevention and control, applies the concept of life cycle management, strengthens source control and systematic governance, designs integrated solutions, promotes the refined management of water resources, prevents and controls water pollution and reduces energy and water consumption. World Wild Fund for Nature (WWF) is promoting water stewardship projects around the world. In China, WWF applies its water stewardship experience to industrial parks, an important link in promoting regional economic and social development, to help achieve sustainable water management. To this end, WWF has prepared the “Industrial Park Water Stewardship Implementation Guidance” to guide parks management departments, key sites in the parks, financial institutions, NGOs and research institutions to jointly participate in the industrial park water stewardship project, through innovation mechanisms and information-exchange platforms. The Guidance also helps improve the parks and sites water management abilities and performances by encouraging sites in the parks to learn from s