德国创业与创业精神研究报告（英文版）.pptx

Start-ups and entrepreneurialspirit in GermanyFacts and figuresCurrent as of: July 2017Chapter overviewEntrepreneurship in Germany: macroeconomic dataNew entrepreneurs: socio-demographic dataNew firms: business dataInnovative start-ups: data and funding programmesEncouraging start-ups in Germany: institutions and programmesLinks and addresses for further research/publication data| 2InformationPlease note:This factbook contains data on start-ups gathered fromvarious surveys. Since the data base variesfrom source to source (IfM, KfW, Destatis), the figuresare not comparable.| 3Key facts at a glance378,000 start-ups in commerce, the liberalprofessions and agriculture/ forestry (excl.sideline businesses)282,400 start-ups in commerce (excl.sideline businesses)249,900 start-ups in commerce as sidelinebusinesses88,800 start-ups in the liberal professionsMore than one in ten start-ups areestablished based on inheritance, purchase,lease of companyReferenceXX 2017 Potential for entrepreneurship particularlyamong women and migrants| 474.723.5Start-ups in 2016(in percent)1.8CommerceLiberalprofessionsAgriculture andforestryRegional distributionHamburg the new start-up capitalNumber of people starting up in businessper 10,000 gainfully active people(2014-2016 p.a.)Reference:XX survey 2017 Urban areas mean easy transport. Thisis an advantage in services and theretail/wholesale trade in particular.Hamburg is overtaking Berlin.In both Lnder, entrepreneurial activitylargely consists of freelance start-upsin the media and IT industry.| 5Chapter overviewEntrepreneurship in Germany: macroeconomic dataNew entrepreneurs: socio-demographic dataNew firms: business dataInnovative start-ups: data and funding programmesEncouraging start-ups in Germany: institutions and programmesLinks and addresses for further research/publication data|  6 According to IfM Bonn, there wereapprox. 282,000 commercial start-upsin in 2016 around 16,200 or 5.4%fewer than in the preceding year. Thismarks the sixth decline since 2011.  The approx. 282,000 start-ups comparewith 311,000 liquidations. This meansthat the number of companiesdecreased by 29,000. In other words,more companies were closed downthan started up.  The fall in the number of companyregistrations is primarily thanks to thestable employment situation inGermany and the fact that fewerbusinesses are being set up by theunemployed.|  Juli 2017  |  7310 282338354 348 328299 3110-50-10025020015010050350300-292016-162013Start-ups-382014Liquidations-292015DifferenceNumber of newly registered businessescompared to liquidations(1,000)400ReferenceXX; figures do not include sideline businesses and liberal professions, 2017Newly registered businesses and liquidations In 2016, around 249,000 new sidelinebusinesses were registered, up 0.5%from 2015. According to IfM Bonn, 249,900 newsideline businesses were registered in2016. The overall balance is +67,900businesses. In other words, moresideline businesses are started up thanclosed down.251 249 250200150100500166832013173782014179692015182682016Sideline businesses: number of start-ups andclosuresNumber of newly registered sideline businessescompared to liquidations(1,000)300249250New sideline businessesSideline business liquidationsDifferenceReferenceXX; the figures do not include sideline businesses and liberal professions, 2017|  Juli 2017  |  8Women under-represented in start-up figuresIn 2016, women registered 29.1% ofnew commercial sole proprietorships.This marks a slight increase from the2015 figures (+0.4%).In terms of commercial soleproprietorships started as sidelinebusinesses, the proportion ofregistrations by women droppedslightly, slipping 0.6 percentage pointsto 42.1%.ReferenceXX, 2017|  Juli 2017  |  9Share of start-up entrepreneursin the working age population in 201629.1WomenMen70.9 |  Juli 2017  |  10Germany is on the right trackThe Country Report for Germany, developed as part of the GlobalEntrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), states that Germany has a particularlygood track record on the following key aspects for start-ups:Physical infrastructureValue that consumers attach to newProducts/servicesPublic funding programmesIntellectual property rights (e.g. patents)Consultants and suppliers for businessesThe main challenges now are to improve training in entrepreneurship bothinside and outside the classroom, to enhance policy commitment, and toreduce the burden of regulation and taxation.Sources: GEM Countrycrafts Report for Germany 2016Chapter overviewEntrepreneurship in Germany: macroeconomic dataNew entrepreneurs: socio-demographic dataNew firms: business dataInnovative start-ups: data and funding programmesEncouraging start-ups in Germany: Institutions and programmesLinks and addresses for further research/publication data|  11People of all ages become entrepreneurs The “baby  boomers”  are now agedbetween 45 and 54 years. They accountfor 26% of the population. In 2016,some 17% of new businesses were setup by people in this age group.Compared with 2015 (22%), theproportion of businesses set up by 45-54 year-olds dropped slightly.At the same time, the proportion set upby 18-24-year-olds (16% in 2015) and25-34 year-olds (34% in 2015) roseslightly.Age groups in 2016 (in per cent)Comparison: population/new entrepreneursReference:XX survey 2017, XX|  Juli 2017  |  1220233626192271712Population18Entrepreneurs55-64 years45-54 years35-44 years25-34 years18-24 years The share of businesses (commercial soleproprietorships) set up by foreign nationals isat its lowest level since 2012. The reasons for the fall include theintroduction offull freedom of movement for Romaniansand Bulgarians on 1 January 2014. Thenumber of businesses set up by Bulgariansin 2016 dropped by 20.3% compared withthe preceding year; businesses started byRomanians dropped 10.9%.Businesses set up by non-German nationalsProportion of start-ups by foreign46.543.9 44 42.5353025201510504540nationals in 2016(in percent)20132016comparison502013 2014 2015 2016ReferenceXX, the figures do not include German nationals with non-German roots, 2017|  Juli 2017  |  13 The proportion of start-ups set up bygraduates has fallen slightly since 2015. Most start-ups are set up byentrepreneurs with a vocationalqualification.Interesting fact: 58% of people stating abusiness were working as employeesbefore setting up their own business.Start-up activity highest in the skilled crafts andamong non-graduatesProportion of start-ups by level of5516482350184720462428 29 31 32 290605040302010709080qualification(in percent)1002012 2013 2014 2015 2016No vocational qualification Vocational qualificationUniversity degreeReference:XX survey 2016|  Juli 2017  |  14 The largest proportion of people (46%)setting up in business do so because theywant to realise a business idea. Another important motive (for 25%) is alack of alternative sources of income.Most common reason for starting a business:turning a business idea into a commercialproduct/serviceMotives for new start-ups in 20162925460 10 20 30 40 50 60Other reasonsLack of alternative sources of income(in percent)Realising a business ideaReference:XX survey 2017, XX|  Juli 2017  |  15Chapter overviewEntrepreneurship in Germany: macroeconomic dataNew entrepreneurs: socio-demographic dataNew firms: business dataInnovative start-ups: data and funding programmesEncouraging start-ups in Germany: Institutions and programmesLinks and addresses for further research/publication data|  16Nearly 90% of all start-ups are newbusinesses.Around 74% of commercial start-ups weresole proprietorships.More than one in ten start-ups involve thetakeover of an XXing company (based onMost common type of new registration: newbusinessForms of start-ups in 2016(in per cent)11New businessTakeoverinheritance, purchase, lease).89ReferenceXX, 2017|  Juli 2017  |  17Start-up sectors: mainly services andtrade Services (personal, corporate, andfinancial) account for 68% of newbusinesses launched in Germany.The retail/wholesale sector is in secondplace (16%).The number of start-ups in the servicessector has remained consistently high foryears and reflects the general structuralchange taking place in our economy.Start-ups by sector in 2016(in per cent)341635335290 10 20 30 40Business servicesRetail tradeTransport and communicationConstructionManufacturingOther goods-producing sectors andprimary-production sectorFinancial servicesPersonal servicesReference:XX survey 2017, XX|  Juli 2017  |  18Most start-ups funded using entrepreneurs  ownfinanceUnemployment rates 20142016(in per cent)278651009080706050403020100 Entrepreneurs own financeOwn finances and externalfinancingExternal financingEntrepreneurs own financeReference:XX survey 2017, XX|  Juli 2017  |  19 9% of start-ups do not require material orfinancial assets.Half (50%) of start-ups require material andfinancial assets to launch the company.Entrepreneurs using external financingmainly turn to loans (bank loans, currentaccount loans, promotional loans and loansfrom family and friends).Impact on employment from new start-ups The full-time equivalents of new start-ups correspond to the total of theirindividual weekly hours of work basedon a 40-hour working week. Sincepeople starting full-time businessesgenerally work longer, theircontribution in terms of full-timeequivalents is higher than the numberof actual people. The opposite is truefor sideline businesses.(Definition as perXX survey)Reference:XX survey 2017|  Juli 2017  |  20Number of full-time-equivalent jobs(1,000)Employee to new full-time founders New full-time foundersEmployee to new part-time founders New part-time foundersChapter overviewEntrepreneurship in Germany: macroeconomic dataNew entrepreneurs: socio-demographic dataNew firms: business dataInnovative start-ups:Data andfunding programmesEncouraging start-ups in Germany: Institutions and programmesLinks and addresses for further research/publication data|  21New businesses spur innovation Around 15% of new entrepreneurs inGermany offer a product or service thatcan be described as a novelty on theregional, German, or internationalmarkets. These new products and services play animportant role in strengthening thecapacity to innovate across the entireeconomy. The vast majority of new entrepreneursrely on tried-and tested business ideas.|  Juli 2017  |  22Innovations by start-ups in 2016(in per cent)8557 3Not a market noveltyNovelty on theregional marketNovelty on the entireGerman marketNovelty on theglobal marketReference:XX survey 2017, XXThe XX Start-upCulturehelps higher education establishments todevelop a holistic strategy for a culture of entrepreneurship andentrepreneurial spirit throughout the institution, and to implement this in asustainable and visible manner.The XX Start-UpGrantprovides support for students, graduates, andscientists during the preparatory stages of technology and science-basedbusiness ventures.The XX ResearchTransfer supports the development work necessary inorder to demonstrate the technical viability of new research-based ideas forstart-ups, and the preparations required for the business launch.Sources: XX.de; XX.de|  23XX Business start-ups in scienceGerman AcceleratorYounginnovative firms in the field of informationand communicationtechnology(ICT) and life sciences can use the GermanAcceleratortolearnabout theU.S. market.The following support is provided:Review of the business plan in terms of suitability for the U.S. market andfurther internationalisation (global benchmarking)Improved access to the technological and financial resources of the worldsleading IT and life sciences clustersContact with experts and potential clients on the worlds  leading IT and lifesciences marketTargeted mentoring by experienced entrepreneurs and investorsInfrastructure, e.g. the provision of office space|  24High-tech Start-up Fund (HTGF) Venture capital for young, promisingtechnology companies in all sectorsSupport from the HTGF managementteamSupport for the technology companiesup to the production of a prototype,proof of concept or market launch.First round of financing: up to 600,000Possible follow-up financing of up to1.4 million|  Juli 2017  |  25High-tech Start-up Fund2005 to 2016:   577 companies funded   4,842 jobs createdINVEST Grant for Venture CapitalINVEST supports and encouragesprivate investors particularly businessangels to do more for young,innovative companies.Investor receives tax-freereimbursement of 20% of the totalamount he invests in a start-up. Thisreduces the investors  risk.INVEST Grant for Venture Capital(5/2013-12/2016)   2,741 applications by companiesapproved   2,777 applications by investorsapprovedGrants of 42.1m approved210.5m in venture capital mobilisedfor young, innovative companies|  Juli 2017  |  26 |  Juli 2017  |  27WIPANO Knowledge and Technology Transferusing Patents and StandardsWIPANO helps public-sector researchbodies and companies to patent andexploit their ideas and promotesinnovative (research) projects onstandardisation.The “patent”  section of WIPANO offersassistance to higher educationinstitutions, public research institutionsand small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) to help them apply for and exploitpatents. |  Juli 2017  |  28coparion   for young, innovative technologycompanies with growth potentialThe coparion co-investment fund investsin small, innovative tech companies thatare less than ten years old.The fund can invest up to ten millioneuros per company.Condition: this depends on finding privateinvestors who will invest the sameamount of money to finance thecompany, at the same conditions.Chapter overviewEntrepreneurship in Germany: macroeconomic dataNew entrepreneurs: socio-demographic dataNew firms: business dataInnovative start-ups: data and funding programmesEncouraging start-ups in Germany: institutions and programmesLinks and addresses for further research/publication data|  29Key institutions providing support for newentrepreneursIn a international comparison, Germany sets high standards when it comes toproviding government support for new entrepreneurs (source: GlobalEntrepreneurship Monitor). In addition to the Federal Ministry for EconomicAffairs and Energy, the most important German institutions working in this area(finance, advice, information) are as follows:Lnder ministriesChambers of industry and commerceChambers of skilled craftsLocal and regional business developersKfW banking group and promotional banks of the LnderBanks and their associationsEntrepreneur networks|  30Support available to entrepreneurs 1The support for start-ups is based on the three pillars of advice, networkingand finance.Both the Federal Government and the Lnder fundadvisory servic