2016德国军事装备出口报告（英文版）.pdf

Report by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany on Its Policy on Exports of Conventional Military Equipment in 20162016 Military Equipment Export ReportImprintPublished byFederal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi)Public Relations Division11019 Berlinbmwi.deText and editingFederal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi)Public Relations Division11019 Berlinbmwi.deDesign and productionPRpetuum GmbH, MunichStatusJune 2017PrintBMWiThis brochure is published as part of the public relations work of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy. It is distributed free of charge and is not intended for sale. The distribution of this brochure at campaign events or at information stands run by political parties is prohibited, and political party-related information or advertising shall not be inserted in, printed on, or affixed to this publication.This publication as well as further publications  can be obtained from:Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs  and Energy (BMWi)Public RelationsE-Mail: publikationenbundesregierung.de bmwi.de Central procurement service:Tel.: +49 30 182722721Fax: +49 30 18102722721The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs  and Energy was awarded the audit berufundfamilie for its family-friendly staff policy. The certificate is granted by berufund familie gGmbH, an initiative of the Hertie Foundation.Report by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany on Its Policy on Exports of Conventional Military Equipment in 20162016 Military Equipment Export Report2ContentIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4I .  The German Control System for Military Equipment Exports  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81. The German export control system.82.  Guidelines for the licensing of exports of military equipment.93. Small Arms Principles .104.  Controlling end-use (post-shipment controls).11II .   German Policy on the Export of Military Equipment in the International Context  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121. Disarmament agreements.122. Arms embargoes.123.  Common Foreign and Security Policy of the EU .124. Wassenaar Arrangement .135. UN Register of Conventional Arms.136.  International discussion on small arms and light weapons.147.  Arms Trade Treaty (ATT)27.158. Outreach activities .16III . Licences for Military Equipment and the Export of War Weapons  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181.  Export licences for military equipment (war weapons and other military equipment) .18a) Individual licences.18b) Collective export licences .20c) Export licence denials .20d)  Individual export licences broken down by Export List (EL) position.21e) Export licences from 2006 to 2016 .22f) War weapons share of licensed values in 2016.23g) Export licences for small arms 2006 to 2016 .24h) Licences for brokering transactions in 2016.282. Exports of war weapons.28a) War weapon exports in 2016.28b) War weapon exports from 2006 - 2016 .283.  German military equipment exports by international comparison .29CONTENT 3Annexes1a  Political Principles Adopted by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany  for the Export of War Weapons and Other Military Equipment .301b  Principles Adopted by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany for the Issue of Licences  for the Export of Small and Light Weapons, Related Ammunition and Corresponding Manufacturing  Equipment to Third Countries.331c  Key principles for the introduction of post-shipment controls for German exports  of military equipment .342 EU Council Common Position.353 Arms Trade Treaty.404 Export List Part I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405 War Weapons List.416 Arms embargoes in force in 2016.437 Countries of destination with the highest licence value in 2016 .448 Export licences by country groups and countries in 2016 .488a Retrospective changes to the data used in the 2015 Report in Military Euipment Exports .779 Collective export licences in 2016 .7810 Brokering licences by country in 2016.7911 Reported exports of small arms and light weapons to the UN Register of Conventional Arms in 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8012 War weapons export by country of destination.8213 List of the OECD Development Assistance Committee on developing countries and areas .834Government of the Federal Republic of Germany for the Export of War Weapons and Other Military Equipment of 2000 (“Political Principles”)4, the Council Common Position of the EU defining common rules governing control of ex-ports of military technology and equipment of 8 December 2008 (“EU Common Position”)5and the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT)6. Respect for human rights in the recipient country plays an important role in the decision-making process. If there is sufficient suspicion that the military equipment will be misused for internal repression or other ongoing and systematic violations of human rights, a licence is not nor-mally issued. In its decisions relating to export control policy, the Federal Government upholds its Alliance commitments and its re-sponsibility for European and international security. Germany and its allies again faced great security policy challenges in 2016 in view of terrorist threats and numer-ous international crises. Exports of military equipment which serve cooperation with our Alliance partners or help to equip them also uphold Germanys own security policy interests. This is also true of exports to third countries7which, for example, can help to secure borders or to tackle international terrorism. For example, in the context of the Federal Governments Enable & Enhance Initiative, Marder infantry fighting vehicles were exported to Jordan to im-prove its border security. The aim of the Enable & Enhance Initiative is to enable selected partners, including regional organisations and allies, to manage throughout the entire crisis cycle their own crisis prevention, crisis management, post-crisis rehabilitation and peace consolidation and thus to contribute to regional stability. Enable & Enhance pro-jects cover the fields of training, advice and equipment for civilian and military security forces. They thus take a com-prehensive approach.By providing comprehensive transparency and engaging in an intensive dialogue, the Federal Government is laying the foundations for a well-informed parliamentary and public The Federal Governments report on exports of military equipment provides the Bundestag and the public with a comprehensive picture of German policy on the export of military equipment including in the international context and furnishes information about the licences issued for the export of military equipment and the actual exports of war weapons in the reference year. The definition of military equipment embraces a wide range of goods which extends beyond the terms generally used in the public debate such as “weapons” or “tanks”.  The goods covered by the Military Equipment Export List (cf. Annex 4) also include items like mine-clearance equip-ment, radio equipment, NBC protection equipment, safety glass, and special armoured vehicles which not least serve to protect the personnel and facilities of embassies and United Nations peace missions. In the Military Equipment Export Reports, the German gov-ernment regularly updates parliament and the interested public about decisions on exports of military equipment, and thus makes an important contribution towards an ob-jective and informed debate on the issue of exports of mili-tary equipment.