开放数据经济影响：欧洲创造价值的机会（英文版）.pdf

EUROPEAN DA TA PORT AL The Economic Impact of Open Data Opportunities for value creation in EuropeTHE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF OPEN DATA 2 This study has been prepared by Capgemini Invent as part of the European Data Portal. The European Data Portal is an initiative of the European Commission, implemented with the support of a consortium led by Capgemini Invent, including Intrasoft International, Fraunhofer Fokus, con.terra, Sogeti, 52North, Time.Lex, the Lisbon Council, and the University of Southampton. The Publications Office of the European Union is responsible for contract management of the European Data Portal. For more information about this paper, please contact: European Commission Directorate General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology Unit G.1 Data Policy and Innovation Daniele Rizzi Policy Officer Email: daniele.rizziec.europa.eu European Data Portal Gianfranco Cecconi, European Data Portal Lead Email: gianfranco.cecconicapgemini Written by: Esther Huyer Email: esther.huyercapgemini Laura van Knippenberg Email: laura.van.knippenbergcapgemini With contributions by: Eline Lincklaen Arrins Marit Blank Last update: 26.01.2020 : europeandataportal.eu/ : infoeuropeandataportal.eu PDF ISBN: 978-92-78-42108-3 doi: 10.2830/63132 OA-04-20-043-EN-N European Union, 1998-2020 The Commissions document reuse policy is based on Decision 2011/833/EU. Except where otherwise stated, the editorial content of this website is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. This means that you can reuse this content provided you acknowledge the source and indicate any changes you have made. To use or reproduce content not owned by the EU, you may need to seek permission directly from the rights holders. To use any logos, you first need the prior consent of the Publications Office. For conditions regarding the downloading, reproduction, translation or, in general, reuse datasets available in the national portals, users must consult the copyright notice of the portal concerned. For all other copyright issues, please contact: op-copyrightpublications.europa.euExecutive summary “Data and AI are the ingredients for innovation that can help us to find solutions to societal challenges, from health to farming, from security to manufacturing. In order to release that potential we have to find our European way, balancing the flow and wide use of data while preserving high privacy, security, safety and ethical standards.” European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen in “A Union that strives for more - My agenda for Europe” (2019) 1The 7 key learnings The specification and implementation of high-value datasets as part of the new Open Data Directive is a promising opportunity to address quality Trading Economics (2019) . 25 Figure 3: Visualisation of the baseline and the optimistic open data market size forecast .28 Figure 4: Visualisation of the baseline and the optimistic open data employment forecast . 35 Figure 5: Most relevant sectors for the data economy; DemosEuropa DemosEuropa McKinsey (2013, page 9) . 41 Figure 9: Most used data categories by respondents (in absolute numbers) .41 Figure 10: Use of open data across sectors (in absolute numbers) .42 Figure 11: Gross Value Added (GVA) and employment per sector; Eurostat (2015) .45 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Comparing terminologies .14 Table 2: Overview of methods in each chapter .15 Table 3: Overview of relevant results from literature about the open data market size . 22 Table 4: Baseline open data market size growth forecast .26 Table 5: Optimistic open data market size growth forecast . 27 Table 6: Allocation of growth rates based on countries open data maturity and trend .28 Table 7: Share of open data employment in Spain . 32 Table 8: Share of open data employment per open data maturity cluster . 32 Table 9: Baseline open data employment growth forecast .34 Table 10: Optimistic open data employment growth forecast . 35 Table 11: Group 1 - Contribution and growth scenario: very high 15.7% .43 Table 12: Group 2 - Contribution and growth scenario: high 7.5% .43 Table 13: Group 3 - Contribution and growth scenario: moderate 4.3% .43 Table 14: Overview of current vs. potential number of survivors depending on receiving CPR or bystander CPR .54 GRAPHICAL ELEMENTS Icons made by Freepik from flaticon available at: flaticon/authors/freepikChapter overview 1. Introduction 2. Open data market size 3. Open data employment 4. Open data potential per sector 5. Efficiency gains due to open data 6. Saving costs due to open data 7. Open data in organisations 8. DiscussionTHE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF OPEN DATA 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary .3 List of Figures . 6 List of Tables . 6 1 Introduction . 101.1 Understanding the value of open data by exploring its economic impact . 101.1.1 Report structure . 111.2 Lessons learned from relevant literature . 111.3 Our approach of exploring the economic impact of open data .151.3.1 Methodology overview .151.3.2 The scope of data and impact .161.3.3 Our credo: accuracy, transparency, modesty, and curiosity .16 2 Open data market size .172.1 Method for measuring the open data market size . 182.2 Relevant literature to measure the open data market size . 182.3 The total open data market size in 2019 . 222.4 The total open data market size in 2025 . 252.4.1 Baseline scenario . 252.4.2 Optimistic growth scenario .262.4.3 Growth potential for the open data market size until 2025 .28 3 Open data employment . 293.1 Relevant literature on open data employment .303.2 Method for measuring open data employment .303.3 Open data employment in 2019 .313.3.1 Estimating direct open data employment in 2017 .313.3.2 Estimating total open data employment in 2017 . 323.3.3 Translating open data employment from 2017 to 2019 . 333.4 Open data employment in 2025 .343.4.1 Baseline scenario .343.4.2 Optimistic growth scenario .343.5 Open data employment in national governments . 353.6 Value created by open data employees .36 4 Open data potential per sector . 374.1 Review of relevant input to explore the open data potential in different sectors .384.2 Assessing open data potential per sector .424.3 Value creation per employee differs per sector .44 THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF OPEN DATA 9 5 Efficiency gains due to open data .465.1 Intro and methodology .465.2 Saving lives.485.2.1 Transmittable disease outbreaks .495.2.2 Emergency services .505.2.3 First responders . 525.3 Saving time . 555.3.1 Public transport .565.3.2 Traffic .585.4 Helping the environment .615.4.1 Reducing energy consumption .625.4.2 Increasing sustainable energy use .635.4.3 Improving sustainability research .655.4.4 Improving biodiversity .665.4.5 Creating awareness about air pollution and reducing CO2 emissions .695.5 Knowledge transfer increase .71 6 Saving costs due to open data . 756.1 Intro and methodology . 756.2 Saving costs in healthcare and emergency services .776.2.1 Saving costs in malaria treatment . 786.2.2 Saving costs due to bystander CPR . 786.3 Saving costs in public transport and traffic . 796.3.1 Saving costs due to less time spent in public transport .806.3.2 Saving costs due to less time spent in traffic .806.4 Saving costs due to environmental benefits. 816.4.1 Saving costs by reduced energy consumption .