2018全球航空安全状况（英文版）.pdf

SAFETYSafety Report2018 Edition2ICAO Safety Report 2018 EditionA Coordinated, Risk-based Approach to Improving GnullobanullAviation SafetyThe air transport industry plays a major role in global economic activity and development. One of the key elements to maintaining the performance of civil aviation is to ensure safe, secure, efficient and sustainable operations at the global, regional and national levels.A specialized agency of the United Nations, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) was established in 1944 to promote the safe and orderly development of international civil aviation throughout the world.ICAO promulgates Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) to facilitate harmonized regulations in aviation safety, security, efficiency and sustainability on a global basis. ICAO serves also as the primary forum for co-operation in all fields of civil aviation among its 192 Member States.Improving the safety of the global air transport system is ICAOs guiding and most fundamental strategic objective. The Organization works constantly to address and enhance global aviation safety through the following coordinated activities and targets outlined in its Global Aviation Safety Plan (GASP) (icao.int/safety/Pages/GASP.aspx). Policy and Standardization. Monitoring of key safety trends and indicators. Safety Analysis. Implementing programmes to address safety issues.The GASP initiatives are monitored by ICAOs appraisal of global and regional aviation safety metrics on the basis of established risk management principlesa core component of contemporary State Safety Programmes (SSP) and Safety Management Systems (SMS). In all of its coordinated safety activities, ICAO strives to achieve a balance between assessed risk and the requirements of practical, achievable and effective risk mitigation strategies.This report provides a high level summary on safety initiatives and updates on safety indicators, including accidents that occurred in 2017, and related risk factors. Results of analysis from the 20132017 reports are used as benchmarks for comparison, although it must be noted that numbers presented in this report may not exactly match those of the earlier reports due to the data having been updated in the intervening period.Forenullord3ICAO Safety Report 2018 Edition 2018, International Civil Aviation OrganizationPublished in Montral, Canada International Civil Aviation Organization 999 Boulevard Robert-BourassaMontral, Quebec, CanadaH3C 5H7icao.intDisclaimerThis report makes use of information, including air transport and safety related data and statistics, which is furnished to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) by third parties. All third party content was obtained from sources believed to be reliable and was accurately reproduced in the report at the time of printing. However, ICAO specifically does not make any warranties or representations as to the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of such information and accepts no liability or responsibility arising from reliance upon or use of the same. The views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect individual or collective opinions or official positions of ICAO Member States.Note:The ICAO RASG regions are used in the report and are listed in Appendix 2. This document focuses primarily on scheduled commercial flights. The scheduled commercial flights data was based on the Official Airline Guide (OAG) combined with internal ICAO preliminary estimates. 4ICAO Safety Report 2018 EditionContentsForeword . 2Executive Summary . 5Policy and Standardization . 8Safety Implementation . 10Implementation of the 20172019 Edition GASP . 10Implementation of Technical Initiatives . 12Safety Monitoring . 15USOAP CMA Status . 15iSTARS . 17Safety Recommendations Addressed to ICAO . 19 Safety Initiatives . 20Global Aviation Safety Oversight System (GASOS) . 20Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS)/ Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) . 21Global Flight Tracking Updates . 23Global Runway Safety Action Plan . 24Cargo Safety . 25Portable Electronic Devices (PED) . 25Lithium Batteries . 25Safety Information Monitoring System (SIMS) . 26Wildlife Strike Hazard Reduction . 27Accident Statistics . 29Regional Accident Statistics . 30GSIE Harmonized Accident Rate . 31Harmonized Analysis of Accidents . 31Definitions and Methods . 32Accidents by Category . 32Accidents by Region of Occurrence . 32Future Development . 32Appendix 1 . 33Analysis of AccidentsScheduled Commercial Air Transport . 33High-Risk Accident Occurrence Categories . 33Accidents by RASG Region . 35Accident Trends . 36Appendix 2 . 37Regional Aviation Safety Group (RASG) Regions . 37RASG-AFI . 37RASG-APAC . 38RASG-EUR . 38RASG-MID . 38RASG-PA. 38Appendix 3 . 39GSIE Harmonized Accident Categories . 39Appendix 4 . 40List of Scheduled Commercial Accidents in 2017 . 40Accident Categories . 43Appendix 5 . 44Annexes to the Convention on International Civil Aviation . 44Appendix 6 . 46List of the ICAO Air Navigation Commission (ANC) Panels . 46Appendix 7 . 50Panel Memberships* Distribution among States . 50Panel Memberships* Distribution among RASG Regions . 51Contents5ICAO Safety Report 2018 EditionEnullecnulltive SnullmmaryIn 2017, there were 4.1 billion passengers travelling by air worldwide. With a total of 50 fatalities for scheduled commercial departures, the year of 2017 had a global fatality rate of 12.2 fatalities per billion passengers, representing the safest year ever on the record for aviation.The year-over-year accident statistics indicate an increase in both the total number of accidents as well as the accident rate. In 2017, the number of accidents increased by 17 per cent comparing to 2016 with 88 accidents reported by States. With scheduled commercial international and domestic operations accounting for approximately 36.6 million depar-tures, around 5 per cent increase from 2016, the global accident rate also increased by 12 per cent, from 2.1 ac-cidents per million departures in 2016 to 2.4 accidents per million departures in 2017. The accidents in these statistics, involving aircraft with a certificated maximum take-off weight (MTOW) of over 5700 kg as defined in ICAO Annex 13, were reviewed by the ICAO Safety Indicators Study Group (SISG).In 2017, there were 50 fatalities for the scheduled commercial departures, which represents a substantial reduction from 182 in 2016 and the lowest level on the record of the past ten years. The number of fatal accidents decreased to 5 from 7 in 2016, which is also the lowest on the recent record. Despite a spike in fatalities due to a number of acts of unlawful interference in 2014 and the tragic events which caused significant loss of life in 2015, there was a general trend of lower number of fatal accidents and fatalities in the past ten years. Enullecnulltive Snullmmary4.1 billionpassengers=12.2 fatalitiesper billion passengers50 fatalities2016 201720152014201390971732.99113.0924742.8751822.188502.4Number of accidents Number of fatalities Accident rateChart 1-a: Accident Records: 20132017 Scheduled Commercial Flights6ICAO Safety Report 2018 EditionEnullecnulltive Snullmmary201491120131732012386201142220102009695200852320154742016182201750768Fatalities20148201392012112011192010200918200822201562016 20172275Fatal AccidentsChart 1-b: Historical Fatality Records for Scheduled Commercial FlightsChart 1-c: Historical Fatal Accident Records for Scheduled Commercial Flights7ICAO Safety Report 2018 EditionICAO remains focused on its safety priorities which include Runway Safety, Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT), Loss of Control-Inflight (LOC-I) while continuing to promote the development and implementation of new safety initiatives.ICAO is committed to improving aviation safety and enabling seamless cooperation and communication among stakehold-ers. ICAO continues to collaborate with established regional bodies/organizations, such as Regional Aviation Safety Groups (RASGs), Regional Safety Oversight Organizations (RSOOs) and Regional Accident and Incident Investigation Organizations (RAIOs), and to promote and develop the capacity building and implementation support necessary to address emerging safety issues.The small growth in traffic experienced in 2017, when combined with the increase in the number of accidents, resulted in a global accident rate of 2.4 accidents per million departuresup 12 per cent compared to the previous year, which is still one of the lowest rate on record. As shown in the figure below, the RASG-AFI and RASG-MID did not have any fatal accidents in 2017. The RASG-APAC and RASG-PA each experienced a single fatal accident and the RASG-EUR had 3.The ICAO Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme (USOAP) Continuous Monitoring Approach (CMA) measures the implementation of Standards and Recommended Prac-tices (SARPs) and Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS). The global average Effective Implementation (EI) increased from 64.7 per cent in 2016 to 65.5 per cent in 2017, and 69.19 per cent of the States have achieved the target of 60 per cent EI, as suggested by the Global Aviation Safety Plan (GASP) 20172019 edition. In 2017, the num-ber of Significant Safety Concerns (SSCs) was halved from 8 in 8 States in 2016 to 4 in 4 States. ICAO is working in partnership with the international aviation community to achieve future safety improvements, with an emphasis on improving safety performance through standardization, monitoring and implementation. This report provides a high level summary of ICAOs safety initiatives and achievements to enhance aviation safety in 2017 and key safety performance indicators with reference to the 20132017 time period.Enullecnulltive SnullmmaryRASG-PA : 1RASG-AFI: 0RASG-APAC: 1RASG-EUR: 3RASG-MID: 08ICAO Safety Report 2018 Editionnullonullicy and StandardinulltionAviation safety is at the core of ICAOs strategic objectives. The establishment and maintenance of international Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs), as well as Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS), are fundamental tenets of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention) and a core aspect of ICAOs mission and role. States should consistently increase the level of compliance with SARPs and promote the implemen-tation of SARPs to further improve safety performance. Today, ICAO manages over 12,000 SARPs across the 19 Annexes to the Convention and 5 PANS, many of which are constantly evolving in concert with latest developments and innovations. The development of SARPs and PANS follows a structured, transparent and multi-staged processoften known as the ICAO “amendment process” or “standards-making process”involving a number of technical and non-technical bodies which are either within the Organization or closely associated with ICAO. Amendments made during 20162017 involved Annexes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 (Volumes I, II, III), 8, 10 (Volumes I, II, IV), 11, 13, 14 (Volumes I, II), 15, which were adopted by ICAO Council during the Safety Week in March 2018. Details about the amendments for the above mentioned Annexes are shown in Table 1. More information about ICAO Annexes can be found in Appendix 5.To ensure all new or amended SARPs and PANS will be effective and practical for end-users, the ICAO Air Navigation Commission (ANC) works through established panels of experts in various disciplines. It also takes advantage of the expertise within States and international organizations to develop its technical proposals. Each ANC panel is supported by the ICAO Secretariat with the appointment of a Secretary, while their respective Chairpersons are elected from amongst the panel membership. ICAO works in collaboration with States and industry partner organizations to deliver a coordinated, harmonized, safe and efficient international civil aviation system. The full list of current ANC panels can be found in Appendix 6. Chart 2 below indicates the participation in all the ANC panels from States and industry organizations in 2017.There were in total 398 panel Members and 346 advisers from 61 States, which account for 31.8 per cent of ICAOs 192 Member States, and 146 panel Members and 123 advisers from 35 international organizations participat-ing in all the ANC panels in 2017. More information about the panel memberships can be found in Appendix 7. nullonullicy and Standardinullation%4654States346398123146OrganizationsMembers AdvisersChart 2: Participation in the ANC Panels from States and Organizations9ICAO Safety Report 2018 EditionIntroduction of remote pilot licence and the provision for the regulation of RPAS licensing to support international flights operating under IFRAmendment as a result of proposed amendments to Annex 1 relating to RPASConsequential amendment concerning change of references related to the provision of aeronautical information serviceIntroduction of space weather advisory information services; improvement of the provision of SIGMET information by meteorological watch offices (MWOS); information on t