猫、狗安乐死的福利基础与政策制定（英文版）.pdf

The welfare basis for euThanasia of dogs and caTs and policy developmenTInternational Companion Animal Management Coalition3Introduction 5The international comnullanion animal mananullement coalition nullwho inull thinull nullnullinullannulle nullornull nullwhat inull enullthananullianull nullwhnull nullonnullinuller enullthananullianull nullenullthananullia anull a nullelnullare tool nullfinulle nullelnullare neenullnull nullWhy is it important to have a euthanasia policy? 7whnull a enullthananullia nullolinullnull inull nullenenullnullial nullHow to develop a euthanasia policy 8creatinnull a mnullltinullnulltanulleholnuller nullommittee nulldenullelonullinnull nullonullr nullolinullnull nullinitial renullienull null nullnnullernulltannullinnull nullonullr nullitnullation annull the neenull nullor enullthananullia denullelonullinnull an onullerarnullhinnull enullthananullia nullolinullnull denullelonullinnull a nulletailenull anullnullenullnullment tool nullor the enullthananullia onull innullinullinullnullal animalnull How to implement and communicate your policy 2nullstanullnull nullelenulltion annull traininnull nullnullTraininnull enullthananullia onulleratornull commnullninullatinnull nullonullr nullolinullnull nullnullmonitorinnull annull renullienull nullnullAnnenull 23The international fnullnnull nullor animal welnullarenullnull enullthananullia nullenullinullion alnullorithm annull notenull nullor nullnulle nullnullContentsnull5The international comnullnion animal mananullment coalitionThe international comnullnion animal mananullment nullicamnullcoalition inullmanull null onullrenullenullntatinullnullnullom the w orlnullsonulletnullnullr the protenullion onullanimalnullnullwspanull the hnullane sonulletnullinternational nullhsinull the international fnullnullnullr animal w elnullre nullifawnull the international arm onullthe ronulll sonulletnullnullr the prenullntion onullcrnullltnullto animalnullnullrspca internationalnull the w orlnullsmall animalnullv eterinarnullanullonullation nullwsavanullannullthe alliannull nullr ranullenullcontrol nullarcnullThis group was set up to fulfil several objectives, including the sharing of information and ideas on companion animal population management, with a view to coordinating and improving member organisations recommendations and guidance. Each organisation has agreed that it is important to strive to improve our mutual understanding through collaboration. We have a responsibility as funding and advisory bodies to ensure we are offering the most accurate guidance, based on the latest available data and concepts, to those involved with dog and cat population management in the field. We also believe it is important that we endeavour to be transparent and to document our opinions and philosophy whenever possible. It is to this end that this document has been produced it represents our recommendations at the time of writing, based on the nullowledge we have accrued to date, and will be subject to updates when appropriate. inullnullnullhanull annullnullmmentnullor nullnullenullionnullanullnull thinullnullinullnnull nulleanull nullntanull the icam coalition at innullnullnullmnulloalitionnullrnullwho inullthinullnullinullnnull nullrnullThis guidance has been developed for use by any public, private or charitable organisation, agency or individual with responsibility for a programme of wornullinvolving dogs or cats, includingnull animal shelters renullhoming centres veterinary clinics animal health programmes.nulll of these services are responsible for the welfare of the animals in their care and as such may have to manull difficult decisions about the future of individual animals. This guidance has been produced in consultation with a number of enullerts in veterinary science, animal welfare management and animal management practitioners from countries around the worldnull. null such it is hoped that it will be relevant and applicable in any country. nullr the rest of this document we will use the term nullrganisation to encompass all of the people who may use this guidance. what inullenullhananullanullThe term euthanasia comes from the nulleenullnullu meaning nullood and nullhanatos meaning nulleath. Thus we should strive to provide as humane a death as possible for an individual animal where euthanasia is considered the best option, based on a range of criteria. These criteria should be primarily related to the current and future welfare state of the animal.There are four primary criteria that ensure death caused by methods of euthanasia is humanenull. The method mustnullnull minimise pain and discomfortnull achieve rapidnullunconsciousness followed by deathnull minimise animal fear and distressnull be reliable and irreversible.intronullnullionnull Input was received from government bodies, nonnullovernment organisations and individual enullerts in the following countriesnullnullanulll, nullsta nullca, nulloatia, nullprus, India, Italy, nullpal, the nullilippines, nullrbia, Thailand, nullited nullngdom, nullnull and nullmbia. null nullaver, null, et al, nullnull. nullport of the nullnullnullpanel on euthanasia. null null. nullet. nulld. nullsoc. nullnullnullnullnull nullpid can be defined as usually no more than five to seven seconds to loss of consciousness.nullwhnullnullnnullnullr enullhananullanullThe decision to euthanase is just one possible outcome of an animal welfare assessment. null organisation does not set out to decide whether or not to euthanase, but rather to identify if any welfare problems enullst and what can be done to help. If an animal that you are responsible for null.e. an animal that is in your care, that is directly affected by your wornullprogramme, or is within the potential scope of your wornullprogrammenullis suffering physical, behavioural andnullor psychological problems or will unavoidably suffer such problems if no action is tanulln, then you are responsible for deciding on the best course of action to help that animal. nullath is inevitable for all animals. nullwever, suffering in the period leading up to death is not always inevitable and can be avoided by human intervention. nullom an animal welfare perspective, when the suffering of an animal cannot be effectively reduced or prevented, humanely ending the life of the suffering animal may be considered the best course of action for the animal. This decision is not an easy one and if euthanasia is to be used effectively there needs to be a clear evidencenullased policy and process to ensure it is selected appropriately and carried out humanely.enullhananulla anulla nulllnullre toolnullciding if and when to euthanase can be enullremely difficult. In some situations the decision is clear, for enullmple when the law states that a rabid animal must be euthanased in order to prevent spread of disease. nullwever, in most situations the decision wont be so clear. Every organisation functions within a different set of circumstances and therefore it is up to each to consider carefully under which conditions euthanasia is appropriate or not. nullour decision regarding when and why to euthanase will depend on a wide range of factors, in particular whether your organisation has sufficient financial resources, staff resources, facilities and veterinary enullertise to maintain a reasonable nullality of life for a particular animal. nullality of life is a subjective termnullit can therefore be helpful to thinnullabout animal needs in terms of the nullve welfare needsnull.finull nulllnullre neenull nulleed for a suitable environment. nulleed for a suitable diet. nulleed to be able to enullhibit normal behaviour patterns. nulleed to be housed with, or apart from, other animals. nulleed to be protected from pain, suffering, injury and disease. It should be noted that simply providing an animal with nullccess to the five welfare needs may not ensure that it will enjoy good welfare. This is solely a framewornullby which to consider welfare needs. nullwever, if these minimum needs cannot be met, you should consider how standards can be improved to meet these needs. If this is not possible then it may become necessary to consider euthanasia as a welfare option. The five welfare needs may be compromised sufficiently to justify euthanasia under a range of circumstances. nullr enullmplenullin the nullmmnullitnull animals may suffer if they are not loonulld after responsibly, for enullmple if they become injured when roaming the streets or if they become malnourished through lacnullof an appropriate diet. In some communities there may be a lacnullof affordable, accessible veterinary services, which means that illnesses and injuries are left untreated and can result in serious suffering.in nullelternull animals nullpt long term in shelters may suffer from disease and sometimes neglect and may become increasingly difficult to renullome because their behaviour deteriorates over time as a result of being nullpt in unsuitable conditionsnull.Whatever your position on euthanasia, it is important to have thought through your decision in an informed and consultative manner. It is also vital to be able to justify and enulllain your decision in terms that are consistent with your policies and mandates as an organisation with responsibility for a programme of wornullinvolving dogs or cats. If euthanasia is not considered the best option for a particular animal, you will need to tanull alternative action to protect the welfare of that animal.null The five welfare needs are listed in the nullimal Welfare nullt nullnullnull for England and Wales. They have been developed specifically for companion animals from the widely recognised nullve freedoms. nullr further information about the five freedoms see fawc.unullnull nulllunull, null nullnullnull The state of the animals II, pnull7The icam coalition nulllienullnullthat it inullenullential that ornullninulltionnullnullrnullnnullnullth animalnullhanull nullllnullnullnnullnullrenullannullanulleenulla nulllinull nullr the enullhananulla onullanimalnullin their nullre null that an innullrmenullannullnullnullortenullnullnullnullon nulln null manull nullen the time arinullnull w e nullnullrnullannullthat animal nullrenullrenullnull annullnullnulllation mananullment nullonullammenullonullrate in a nullnull rannull onullnullntenullnullannullit inullnot nullnullinulle to nullonullnull a nullt onullenullhananulla nulliteria to null enullrnullnulltnulltionnullTherenullre thinullnullinullnnull nullenullnot tell nullnullenullnulllnullnullat nullnull enullhananulla nulllinull nullonullnullnullntainnullnullt it nullll helnullnullnullto nullnulllonulla enullhananulla nulllinull that inullnullnullnullnullon nullinnullnullenullonullanimal nulllnullre annullthat inullnullitanulle nullr nullnull nulltnulltionnullwhnulla enullhananulla nulllinull inullnullnenullialnull nullll stanulleholders involved in the development of the policy agree and understand the reasons for euthanasia and are therefore able to consistently provide the best service for animals in their care. It ensures the euthanasia decision is applied in the right situation, at the right time and using the correct methods, therefore enabling the best welfare possible. It decreases the need for subjective decision manulling and therefore reduces stress for those involved in the decisionnullmanulling process and the potential for connullict between staff. It can be made available in writing so that management, staff and members of the public can refer to it at all times. It provides a standard to which staff can be trained. It provides a standard that can be regularly reviewed and updated the policy should be a nullliving document that staff are encouraged to develop initially and continue to be involved in by monitoring its implementation and development if necessary.whnullinullit imnullrtant to hanull a enullhananulla nulllinullnullcanull nullnullienullcroatiaAn animal shelter reported that it enullerienced pronullems when a veterinarian advised euthanasia nullt some stanullnullmemnullrs disagreed with himnullnulle veterinarian argued that it was an act onullcruelty to nullep a dog alive inullit was sunullnullringnullnullt the stanullnullnulllt that nullumans should not decide whether animals live or dienull nullis connullct could have nullen avoided inullthe organisation had written a clear euthanasia policy that all had read and understoodnullcnullrnullAn animal welnullre organisation nullund that nullany people nulllieved nullinging an animal to a rescue centre guaranteed it a home nullr linullnullHowevernullgiven the numnullr onullanimals tanulln innullit would have nullen impossinulle nullr us to give linulllong sanctuary to them allnullnullis misunderstanding resulted in negative media coveragenullvernulll and physical anullse and complaints that we nulllled all animals nullought to usnull nulle organisation nullund that null enulllaining their decisions and reasons nullr euthanasia the criticism was reducednullbranulllnullhe stanullnullat an animal shelter nullund that having a euthanasia policy enanulled them to wornullnullith reason and not only with emotionnull 8creatinnulla mnulltinull nullanullholnullr nullmmitteea nnullnullr onullinnullnullnullalnullannullornullninulltionnullmanull hanull an interenull in nullinnullinnulllnullnullin the nullnulllonullent onullnullnull ornullninulltionnullnullenullhananulla nulllinullnullit inullnullenullranulle to innullnulle them nullom the earlnullnullanullnullonullthe nullonullnull null that their nullenull nulln null tanulln into nullnnullnullration annullnulltimatelnullthenullare more linulllnullto null nullnullortinull onullthe nullal nulllinullnullThenull minullt innullnulle null innullnulltenullenullentialnull organisation trusteesnull organisation managementnull organisation staffnull those involved directly in euthanasia decision manullng and practice, but also other staff who will have an interest in the organisations policy nullo include those who choose animals for euthanasia, euthanasia technicians, animal caretanullrs, foster staff, field staff, veterinary staff, adoption staff, communications staffnull veterinariansnull will be able to advise on the practicalities of the policy and relevant science welfare advisersnull may be a vet, but could also be a professional trained in animal welfare government usually local, but you might also want to consult with central government if it is involved in your programme of wornullor if contentious issues might be raised nonnullovernmental organisations other organisations wornullng on similar issues or programmes of wornull if you can reach a consensus it will help joint wornullng and you can share good practice legal advisorsnull it is essential to ensure that your policy complies with the law in your country local community leadersnullepresentatives me