速度管理：一本为决策者和从业者制定的道路安全手册.pdf

GLOBAL ROAD SAFETY PARTNERSHIP THE WORLD BANK FIA Foundation World Health Organization for the Automobile and SocietyGRSProadsafety GRSP GRSP Global Road Safety Partnership c/o International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies PO Box 372 17 Chemin des Cr ts CH-1211 Geneva 19 Switzerland inis.ie ccpress. com. cn Speed managementiiiivvviviiviiiixx David Silcock Etienne Krug David Ward Anthony Blissxi Anthony Bliss, Etienne Krug, David Silcock, David Ward Rikke Rysgaard, David Silcock, Meleckidzedeck Khayesi Eric Howard, Lori Mooren, Goran Nilsson, Allan Quimby, Anna Vadeby Amy Aeron Thomas, Paige Mitchell, Rune Elvik, Dai Dongchang, Peter Njenga, Jacques Nouvier, Radin Umar R.S., Marilena Amoni, Davey Warren, Geoffrey L Collier, Su- san Kirinich, Mike Winnett. Rebecca Ivers, Stephen Jan, Dang Viet Hung, Charlie Mock, Margie Peden, Meleckidzedeck Khayesi, Matts-Ake Belin, Tamitza Toroyan, Ray Shuey, Blair Turner, Rikke Rysgaard, David Silcock. Angela Burton WORLD BANK GLOBAL ROAD SAFETY FACILITYxii Amy Aeron-Thomas, Sverker Almqvist, Terje Assum, L rus g stsson, Rohit Baluja, Matts-Ake Belin, Antony Bliss, Jos Cardita, Fernando Pestana, Jean-Pierre Cauzard, Richard Driscoll, Goran Gustavsson, Yong He, John Hine, Seng Tim Ho, Eric Howard, Jens Huegel, Allan Jones, Dick Jonsson, Kim Jraiw, Kunnawee Kanitpong, Steve Lawson, Jerry Lebo, Stein Lundebye, Per Mathiasen, Lori Mooren, Margie Peden, Rune Peterson, Allan Quimby, Bengt-Goran Rosqvist, Alan Ross, Gregg Rowe, Rikke Rysgaard, Anchulee Siroratrangsi, John Smart, Radin Umar R. S, Rob- ert Susanj, Chamroon Tangpaisalkit, Fergus Tate, Joel Valman, Pieter Venter, Mike Winnett, Jing-Mei Wu.xiiixiv简 介 简 介 py1.indd 1 2008-10-21 10:53:36py1.indd 2 2008-10-21 10:53:41xviixviiixixxxxxixxii Global Road Safety Partnership c/o International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, PO Box 372, Chemin des Cr ts, CH-1211, Geneva 19, Switzerlandgrspifrcxxiii Global Road Safety Partnership, c/o International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, P. O. Box 372, 17 Chemin des Cr ts, CH-1211 Geneva 19, Switzerland grsproadsafety Email: grspifrcxxiv World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland who.int/violence_injury_prevention/en/ Email: trafficwho.int World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW, Washington DC 20433, USA worldbank/transport/roads/safety.htm Email: ablissworldbankxxv FIA Foundation, 60 Trafalgar Square, London, WC2N 5DS, United Kingdom fiafoundation Email: d.wardfiafoundationxxvi关注速度的原因 1关注速度的原因 py1.indd 3 2008-10-21 10:54:26关注速度的原因 1.1 涉及速度因素的 道路 交通事 故和 伤害 1.1.1 速度、 能 量 转移和 伤害 1.1.2 速度与 道 路 交通事 故和 伤害的 关系 1.1.3 超速成 因 1.2 速 度管理 1.2.1 速度管 理 的 目标 1.2.2 设定限 速 值 1.2.3 安全系 统 和 速度的 作用 1.2.4 速度管 理 的 益处 小 结 参 考文献 3 3 5 9 10 10 12 13 16 18 19 py1.indd 4 2008-10-21 10:54:313 1.1 45678910 1.2111213141516171819 1 Gibson JJ. The contribution of experimental psychology to the formulation of the problem of safety: a brief for basic research. Behavioral Approaches to Accident Research, 1961, 77-89. New Y ork, Associa- tion for the Aid of Crippled Children. 2 Haddon W Jr. Energy damage and the ten countermeasure strategies. The Journal of Trauma, 1973, 13 (No.4) 321-331. 3 De Haven H. Mechanical analysis of survival in falls from heights of fifty to one hundred and fifty feet . W ar Medicine, 1942, 6:586-596 (reprinted in Injury Prevention, 6:62-68). 4 Christoffel T , Gallagher S. Injury Prevention and Public Health: Practical Knowledge, Skills, and Strategies, 2nd edition, 2006. 5 Seat-belt campaign toolkit. London ,FIA Foundation , 2004. 6 OECD/ECMT T ransport Research Centre: Speed Management report, Paris 2006 (available in English and French). 7 Mackay GM. Reducing car crash injuries, folklore, science and promise. American Association for Automotive Medicine, 1983, No.5. 8 Tingvall C, Haworth N. Vision zero: an ethical approach to safety and mobility. Paper presented to the 6th Institute of T ransport Engineers International Conference on Road Safety and T raffic Enforcement: Beyond 2000, Melbourne, 6-7 September 1999 9 Evans L. Traffic Safety and the Driver, USA, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991. 10 OECD/ECMT T ransport Research Centre, Country reports on safety performance, results of asurveyundertaken by the OECD/ECMT W orking Group on Ambitious Road Safety Targets. (cemt/JTRC/index. htm). 11 Frith et al. Road safety impacts of excessive and inappropriate vehicle speed, Austroads road safetyhandbook, Vol. 2, 2005. 12 Australian T ransport Council. National Road Safety Action Plan 2007-2008. (atcouncil. gov.au/documents/nrss_actionplan_0708.aspx) 13 Kloeden CN et al. T ravelling speed and the risk of crash involvement. Canberra,Federal Officeof RoadSafety, CR172, 1997 (atsb.gov.au/publications/1997/pdf/Speed_Risk_1.pdf). 14 Managing Speeds of Traffic on European Roads ( MASTER) Final report European Commission. Project of the 4 thframework programme, 1998 (virtual.vtt.fi/master/). 15 Patterson, TL et al. The effects of increasing rural interstate speed limits in the USA. T raffic InjuryPrevention, 2002. 16 Taylor MC et al. The effects of drivers speed on the frequency of road accidents. Crowthorne, Berkshire, UK ,TRL Report No. 421. T ransport Research Laboratory (TRL), 2000. 17 Elvik R, Vaa T. The handbook of road safety measures. 2004, Amsterdam, Elsevier. 18 Aarts L, van Schagen I. Driving speed and the risk of road crashes: A review. Accident, Analysis andPrevention, 2006, 38:215-224.20 19 Nilsson G. T raffic safety dimensions and the power model to describe the effect of speed on safety. Bulletin221, Sweden,Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University, 2004. 20 T ransportation Research Board Managing speed. Review of the practice for setting and enforcingspeedlimits. Special report 254, National Academic Press, 1998. 21 SARTRE 3 report, European drivers and road risk; Report on principal results. France, Institut de Recherchesurles T ransport et leur Securite INRETS, 2004. 22 Peden M et al, eds. W orld report on road traffic injury prevention. Geneva, W orld Health Organization,2004. 23 Oxley J, Corben B. Effective speed management. Melbourne, Monash University Accident Centre, VICROADS, 2002. 24 Belin M. T rends in setting speed limits - Sweden as a case study. Sweden, Swedish Road Administration, Borl nge, 2007. 25 Vision zero - from concept to action. Sweden, Swedish Road Administration, Borl nge, 2000 ( vv.se). 26 Safe traffic, Vision zero on the move. Swedish Road Administration, Borl nge, Sweden 2002 (vv.se). 27 W egman, F, Aarts, L, eds. Advancing sustainable safety: National road safety exploration for 2005-2006. SWOV, 2006 (sustainablesafety.nl). 28 National Road Safety Strategy 2001-2010. Australian T ransport Council. (dotars.gov.au/index.aspx). 29 Reducing traffic injuries resulting from excess and inappropriate speed. Brussels, European T ransportSafety Council, 1995. 30 Frith B, T oomath JB. The New Zealand open road speed limit. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1982, 14:209-218. 31 Sliogeris J. 110-kilometre per hour speed limit: Evaluation of road safety effects, Melbourne, ReportNo. GR92-8, Vicroads, 1992.道路现状评估 2道路现状评估 py1.indd 5 2008-10-21 10:58:28道路现状评估 2.1 资料收集 2.1.1 道路功 能及 限速值 的设 置 2.1.2 速度和 事故 数据 2.1.3 法律和 法规 2.1.4 速度风 险情 况和弱 势道 路 使 用 者 2.2 现状问题的衡量/ 评估 2.2.1 与速度 相关 的伤害 问题 的 严 重 性 2.2.2 测速方 法 2.2.3 速度差 2.2.4 评估公 众对 速度管 理的 态 度 2.3 限速值的设置、 传达和 强制 执法 2.3.1 限速值 的设 置 2.3.2 限速值 的传 达 2.3.3 限速值 的强 制执行 2.4 管理方案的理解 2.4.1 公共道 路上 速度法 规的 责 任 方 2.4.2 道路安 全的 利益相 关方 2.4.3 速度管 理的 资金来 源 小结 参考文献 23 24 25 25 27 28 30 31 36 37 38 38 38 39 39 39 40 41 42 42 py1.indd 6 2008-10-21 10:58:3423 2.1242526 60 . 2728 2.229303132333435363738 2.339 2.4404142 1 Road traffic accidents in New South W ales 2000 - Statistical statement: year ended 31 December 2000, Roads and T raffic Authority of New South W ales, 2001. 2 Frith et al. Road safety impacts of excessive and inappropriate vehicle speed - speeding as a factor in road trauma. Austroads Road Safety Handbook, V ol 2, 2005. 3 Guidelines for setting speed limits, Standard Method for Conducting Manual Speed Surveys, Appendix 4, Land T ransport Safety Authority of New Zealand, 1995. 4 Speed surveys from Austroads Guide to T raffic Engineering Practice (GTEP), Part 3: T raffic studies. Austroads ref AP-G11.3/04, 2004. 5 Community attitudes to road safety, Research and analysis report, W ave 19, 20Australian T ransport Safety Bureau, 2006 (Report CR 229) (atsb.gov.au/publications/2006/ pdf/CR229_Commuity_Attitudes_Survey.pdf ). 6 Schopper D, Lormand JD, W axwelier R. eds. Developing policies to prevent injuries and violence: guidelines for policy makers and planners. Geneva, W orld Health Organization, 2006.速度管理方法 3速度管理方法 py1.indd 7 2008-10-21 10:55:40速度管理方法 3.1 限 速区与限速 值 3.1.1 按 道路功 能和 道路上 的活 动对其 进行 分 类 3.1.2 限 速区、 限速 标志设 置的 回顾与 方针 3.1.3 通 过标志 和缺 省限速 标志 信息告 知驾 驶 员 限 速 值 3.2 通过速度管理 法规 与执 法改变 交通 行为 3.2.1 设 置道路 规章、 法律 与法 规 3.2.2 速 度执法 方法 3.2.3 罚 款、 扣 分和 暂扣驾 照等 处罚手 段 3.3 通过公众教育 来改 变交 通参与 者行 为 3.3.1 社 会宣传 与公 众教育 3.3.2 提 高公众 对于 会被警 察查 到的意 识 3.3.3 对 遵守限 速的 激励 3.3.4 社 区活动 3.3.5 驾 驶证与 车速 限制 3.4 工程处置措施 3.4.1 降 低机动 车辆 速度的 措施 3.4.2 分 隔弱势 道路 使用者 3.5 速度限制技术 的应 用与 智能速 度调 节 3.6 雇主实施的速 度管 理 3.6.1 立 法措施 3.6.2 教 育与反 馈 小结 参考文 献 46 46 50 55 57 57 58 62 64 64 66 66 67 67 68 68 74 76 79 80 81 82 83 py1.indd 8 2008-10-21 10:55:454546 3.14748495051525354555657 3.258596061626364 3.365666768 3.46970717273747576 3.5777879 3.680818283 1 Quimby A et al. Urban safety management guidelines for developing countries, Project Report PR/INT/ 254/03. Crowthorne, DFID, 2003. 2 Speed management report. 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