Acatech：2017年创新指数报告.pdf

FOCUS DIGITALTRANSFORMATIONOn the German-language website of the Innovation Indicator you will find a detailed methodological report as well as further background material. You can also compare individual economies with “My indicator”. The website can be used on all end devices from desktop PCs to smartphones. innovationsindikator.deScan the QR code and go directly to the website.3Contents4 Preface6 Key findings8 Summary12 Approaches for innovation policyResults15 About the Innovation Indicator Methods and indicators18 Germany fourth without any really top values35 economies in innovation comparisonFocus29 The digital transformation Analyses, studies and initial findings30 New technologies make the world smarter Digitalization and innovation35 Germany far from the top group Results of the Digitalization Indicator41 Digital infrastructure with weaknessesThe situation in Germany46 Into the future with Industrie 4.0Opportunities and challenges52 Shaping digital change togetherGermanys ability to transform Appendix57 Project partners 58 Imprint acatech_BDI_Innovation Indicator 2017acatech_BDI_Innovation Indicator 2017 4PrefaceThe Innovation Indicator 2017 shows: Germanys innovation system looks good at first glance. We cannot really stand out against the international competition, though. In a central future field of action, digital transformation, especially the United States and the United Kingdom seem to have a con-siderable advantage. The Digitalization Indicator specially developed for this report points to this. The sustained good economic situation, the export power of industry and low unemployment in Germany should not give us a false sense of securi-ty. Faced with the speed and radical nature of technological change, past recipes for success could soon be a thing of the past. Most industries will experience a structural change in which “business as usual” is not a future viable option for companies. This concerns not only the use of new technol-ogies. It is also a matter of company and work organization that promotes creativity, agility and networking in the innovation process. The visions of Industrie 4.0, smart service world and learning systems pro-vide guidance for the digital transformation. The consistent implementation is, however, not a sure-fire success. Small and medium-sized enterprises in particular have not yet jumped on the bandwagon. Education and training, IT security and new business models are key challenges. Likewise, so are international cooperation on standards and interoperability. The Innovation Indicator can provide clues for the dialogue between science, industry, policy-makers and society on how we can jointly secure the future viability of Germany as a business location. Especially in the year of the Bundestag (German parliament) elections, it is a special concern for us to emphasize the central importance of innovations for prosperity and employment. In this sense, we wish you an interesting read. acatech_BDI_Innovation Indicator 20175Henning KagermannPresident acatech National Academy of Science and EngineeringDieter KempfPresidentFederation of German Industries6acatech_BDI_Innovation Indicator 2017Germany compared to selected economies and the benchmark Switzer-land. A ranking of all 35 economies can be found on page 19.55GermanyRank 475SwitzerlandRank 151USARank 1142JapanRank 2050South Korea Rank 1352UKRank 6Benchmark Key findingsInnovation IndicatorGermany is one of the most innovative countries in the world and, with an index value of 55, continues to rank fourth in the Innovation Indicator. However, the German innovation system does not reach a top spot in any of the five sub-areas examined: industry, science, education, state and society.acatech_BDI_Innovation Indicator 20177Germany compared to selected economies and the benchmark Fin-land. A ranking of all 35 economies can be found on page 36.44GermanyRank 1770FinlandRank 1 62USARank 944JapanRank 1849South KoreaRank 1264UKRank 4Benchmark Digitalization IndicatorMeasured by the Digitalization Indicator, which was prepared separately for this edition of the study, Germany is clearly behind other industries in position 17 with an index value of 44 points. The distance to the United Kingdom and the USA is particularly large. There is a need for action, in particular, in the areas of broadband network expansion, the digitalization of public administration, in parts of the areas of research and technology as well as in digital business models.8acatech_BDI_Innovation Indicator 2017Germany is one of the most innovative coun-tries in the world and occupies fourth place in the Innovation Indicator, the same as last time. However, the German innovation system does not achieve a top spot in any of the sub-areas industry, science, education, state and society. This year by far the highest values in the Innovation Indicator are again achieved by Switzerland and Singapore. Switzerland is the only country for which the Innovation Indicator shows very high values in all five areas of the innovation system. Germany is virtually neck and neck in the over-all ranking of the Innovation Indicator with the other major industrial nations USA, the United Kingdom, South Korea and France. Within the five sub-areas of the innovation system, how-ever, the countries show very different perfor-mances. The strengths of the German innovation system still lie in good vocational training and a high proportion of academics with top qualifications in the STEM subjects (PhD), a high contribution of high-tech industries to the value added, a rel-atively high level of state funding of the science system and a high number of patent applica-tions per inhabitant. The rating of the education system has improved continuously over the past years after the PISA shock in 2000. There was, on the other hand, a decline in the German balance of trade in high-tech goods, 01Summarythe share of employment in knowledge-inten-sive services, and venture capital investments in relation to GDP. Unlike most other industrial nations, the state has so far refrained from tax incentives for research and development (R&D); the direct promotion of R&D in compa-nies through grants or R&D contracts from the public sector is also comparatively low.The greatest strength of the USA lies in the innovative power of American companies, especially in the digital economy, which are among the most innovative and highly rated in the world. Further strengths of the economic system are the high intensity of domestic com-petition, high labor productivity, a high share of state-funded R&D and the highly developed venture capital market. The science system is weaker: the fact that some of the worlds lead-ing universities are located in the USA must not obscure the fact that the university system overall achieves an only average performance level. In comparison to many other countries, scientific institutions and companies are in their technology development activities also internationally networked to a much lesser extent. The innovation system in the United Kingdom has continuously improved its performance over the last five years. Particular strengths are the favorable social framework conditions for innovations and a good education system. The science system is characterized by high capability in basic research, although the 9 acatech_BDI_Innovation Indicator 2017Sub-areas of the Innovation IndicatorComparison of Germany and selected economiesUSARank 12SingaporeRank 1UKRank 17JapanRank 10GermanyRank 8South KoreaRank 13Index value state865042535649100050SingaporeRank 1GermanyRank 8USARank 19UKRank 7South KoreaRank 4JapanRank 16Index value education845036515541100050AustraliaRank 1GermanyRank 13South KoreaRank 23USARank 12UKRank 2JapanRank 21Index value society855021518030100050DenmarkRank 1USARank 17JapanRank 20UKRank 14GermanyRank 11South KoreaRank 18975034546247Index value science100050SwitzerlandRank 166GermanyRank 7UKRank 15USARank 6South KoreaRank 2JapanRank 125445565950100500Index value industryBenchmark 10acatech_BDI_Innovation Indicator 2017research effort is often concentrated at a few elite universities. Deficits, on the other hand, exist in the low application orientation and in knowledge and technology transfer. The share of public research expenditure in relation to GDP is comparatively low. The innovative strength of the South Korean economy has significantly improved in recent years as measured by the assessment crite-ria of the Innovation Indicator. In the corre-sponding sub-area, South Korea is ranked second and therefore higher than the USA. The strengths of the innovation system are reflected in high R&D expenditure in relation to GDP (currently 3.36 percent), a high number of patent applications in the USA and a high contribution of the high-tech industries to the value added. Another strength is the perfor-mance capability of the education system. The values in the science sub-section are, on the other hand, lower in view of a relatively low output and a low tendency towards internation-al cooperation within the science system. Chinas innovation system still has a much low-er performance capability compared to other major industrial nations. In some industries, however, (Internet and telecommunications, for example), Chinese companies compete as equals on a global scale. Moreover, the quality of scientific research results is increasing. Chi-nese companies are also already involved in funding R&D at universities to a great extent. Measured according to the Digitalization Indica-tor, which was particularly produced for this edi-tion of the Innovation Indicator, Germany clearly lies behind other industrial nations (rank 17). This is especially true for research/technology (rank 16), education (rank 17) and infrastruc-ture/state (rank 19). The Digitalization Indicator shows a higher value for the USA than for Germany in all areas except the area of society. And, with the ex-ception of research and technology, the values for the UK also clearly exceed the values for Germany.Germanys low rating in infrastructure/state is mainly attributable to inadequate broadband coverage and a lower level of digitalization of the public administration.In the area of research/technology, the Digi-talization Indicator for Germany also has a sig-nificantly lower value than, for example, South Korea, the USA or Japan. With regard to the pervasion of digital technologies (for example, software solutions, cloud computing), German companies are only in the midfield. In small companies the diffusion is particularly low. The United Kingdom, Japan and the USA are significantly ahead of Germany in the indus-try sub-area of the Digitalization Indicator. In the area of digital business models, the gap to the USA and the UK is even greater. In the education sector, the UK and South Korea are clearly ahead of Germany. The Digitalization Indicators highest value for Germany is in the area of society. A compara-tively high degree of utilization of digital solu-tions/technologies in the population can be a measure of the social openness or accept-ance of digitalization. Among the big industrial nations, only the UK scores higher values than Germany. 11 acatech_BDI_Innovation Indicator 2017Sub-areas of the Digitalization IndicatorComparison of Germany and selected economiesIndex value infrastructure/state100500USARank 1USARank 1JapanRank 11UKRank 9South Korea Rank 8GermanyRank 1985 8554575739Index value industry100500IsraelRank 1JapanRank 6South KoreaRank 15USARank 7UKRank 2GermanyRank 12905329575742Index value education100500AustraliaRank 1JapanRank 31South KoreaRank 6USARank 10UKRank 3GermanyRank 17885121617844Index value society100500NorwayRank 1JapanRank 21South KoreaRank 17USARank 16UKRank 6GermanyRank 12934632587844Index value research/technology100500FinlandRank 1JapanRank 9UKRank 20USARank 7South KoreaRank 6GermanyRank 16934826515533Index valuebusiness models100500NetherlandsRank 1JapanRank 16South KoreaRank 11USARank 2UKRank 3GermanyRank 15925647838349Benchmark 12acatech_BDI_Innovation Indicator 2017In light of the results of the Innovation Indicator, the latest recommendations of the federal govern-ments High-Tech Forum on the further development of the High-Tech Strategy (May 2017) and the Commission of Experts for Research and Innovation (Annual Report 2017) prove to be a rich source of good starting points for the future innovation policy. The editors of the Innovation Indicator would particularly like to emphasize the following three superordinate fields of action that are of central im-portance for the innovative capability of German industry and science in particular in the face of digital transformation.02Approaches for innovation policyStrengthen universities in the transfer of knowledge to industry and society (so-called third mission). On virtual and real-life transfer and experimentation, science and industry should be able to cooperate unbureaucratically in innovative ecosystems. Transfer centers and start-up centers should, with offers of suitable consulting and networking opportunities, enable companies to act increasingly on platform markets and in digital ecosystems in future.Improve the basic funding of higher educa-tion institutions and continue the federal and federal states (Lnder) governments program (“Hochschulpakt”) as well as the pact for innovation and research (“Pakt fr Forschung und Innovation fr aueruniversitre For- schungsorganisationen”) for non-university research organizations beyond the year 2020.Also promote the dual principle at universities and develop a common/comprehensive edu-cation concept for the vocational and universi-ty education of tomorrow.Gear education, research and knowledge transfer to future challenges1Establish national competence monitoring in order to be able to record key competences for future technologies in industry, science and society faster and compare and develop them more systematically internationally.Together with stakeholders from science, industry and civil society, formulate a cross-de-partmental new national STEM strategy that focuses not least on quality assurance, talent development and education in digital transfor-mation.To firmly anchor digital reference points in all school subjects, in order to promote the com-petences of young people for the shaping of and participation in digital transformation. Basic knowledge in the field of information technol-ogy, as well as the knowledge of new working methods (for example, agile work, creativity techniques, evidence-based management) must be understood as new cultural techniques of equal value.13 acatech_BDI_Innovation Indicator 2017Avoid the regulatory overload of innovative business models, especially in the emerging data economy, and create a level playing field for established