气候变化，中国的多重面向.pdf

中外对话内部交流刊物是“ 中外对话”网站文章的精华。 我们从网站上精心 挑选了趣味盎然而极富挑战性的深度报道以及展现科技进步的新闻信息， 方便与您 的交流。 欲阅读更多精彩的文章， 请您登陆“ 中外对话”网站 （ china- dialogue ）。 “ 中外对话”网站以中国前沿环境记者撰写的文章、对国际知名人士的访谈以 及对全球重大问题的深入报道为主要内容， 通过网站， 您可参阅每日全球环境新闻、 赏析高质量的文章和参与“ 零语言障碍”的讨论 （ 双语发布） 。另外， 通过全球双语志愿者的帮助， 您还可以在线与英文读者顺畅进行跨文化 交流。 在那里， 您可以提出疑问、挑战专家观点、贡献您的知识和了解他人独到的 见解。加入讨论您就走出了解决问题的第一步。 伊莎贝尔希尔顿 Isabel Hilton 英国人，国际新闻工作者， BBC 资深主持人，卫报 专栏作家，并曾为全球多家知 名媒体撰稿。她是一位中国问 题专家，同时担任英国皇家国 际关系学会和英国皇家人文学 会会员。2006年，她主持创立 了“中外对话”（ . chinadialogue ）双语环保 网站。 Isabel Hilton, editor and founder of chinadialogue, is a London-based international journalist, a former BBC senior broadcaster and a columnist for The Guardian. She is an expert in Chinese affairs, a member of the Royal Institute of International Affairs and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts. In 2006, she set up the bilingual website (chinadialogue) focusing on Chinas environmental issues. 关于“中外对话” “ 中外对话”是一个独立的非营利性组织， 以伦敦、北京、德里和圣保罗为中心 开展工作。 “ 中外对话”的主要业务是其独特的完全双语网站， 它通过发表精辟、原创的中 外文章、 评论和分析， 促进世界理解中国崛起带来的全球性生态环境影响， 进而共同 寻求公平可行的全球环境问题解决之道。 “ 中外对话”在很多机构的资助下运作， 其中包括英国环境、 食品和农业事物部、 壳牌 （ 中国） 以及许多基金会。 关于“中外对话”内部交流刊物及网站 What is chinadialogue chinadialogue is an independent, not-for-profit organisation based in London, Beijing, Delhi and Sao Paulo. chinadialogues primary vehicle is our website (chinadialogue), a unique bilingual platform which promotes a global understanding of the environmental impact of Chinas rise by publishing informed articles, commentaries and analysis by writers from inside and outside of China. We aim to inform, educate, and contribute to building a global consensus on fair and workable solutions. chinadialogue is now read in 208 countries and regions and in all regions of China. About our journal Produced on a bi-monthly basis, our journal brings you the best articles and reports from chinadialogue. If you want to contribute to the discussion you can visit our website (chinadialogue) to add your comments and thoughts. Join the debate and be part of the solution.中外对话在线文章精选 PIECES ONLINE （2018.05 2018.06） 高原虫草经济泡沫之忧 南极将成立首个磷虾禁渔区 渤海溢油环境诉讼七年长跑，拷问中国海洋法制 “全球大电网”的诱惑与陷阱 太阳能地球工程会在中国破土吗？ “一带一路”倡议登陆拉美 气候脆弱国家承受巨大资金压力 沿岸八国共同保护孟加拉湾 应急管理部成立：中国灾害应 对进入新格局？ 极端天气事件频发，我们该如何应对？ 鱼名能否拯救名鱼？ 播客节目强调妇女在气候行动中的作用 垃圾管理新政背后，北京个体回收业者艰难谋生 金砖银行和亚投行：新玩家，老游戏 深海采矿的环境代价 珠峰上捡垃圾的大学生 中欧能否携手推进南极保护？ 圆桌讨论：中欧携手南极保护路在何方？ 洋垃圾禁令是否真的环保？ CFC-11考验中国环境履约能力 科西河为何无法驯服 海洋、冰川或将成为2020年后气候行动重点 拉美：中国基础设施投资新前沿 跨境贸易威胁海龟生存 中国光伏产业走到十字路口 老挝溃坝悲剧拷问湄公河水电大跃进 化学回收技术能解决塑料危机吗？ 降雨减少：砍伐森林的间接后果不可小视 中国出台新版“大气十条” Caterpillar fungus fever leaves Tibetan nomads vulnerable Krill fishers agree to partial ban in Antarctic Bohai legacy highlights weakness in Chinas marine law The risks of a global supergrid Solar geoengineering rises in the East Chinas Belt and Road lands in Latin America Climate vulnerable countries pay more for capital Eight countries come together to protect Bay of Bengal A turning point in Chinas disaster preparedness? Extreme weather renews focus on adaptation Can a scientific name save an iconic freshwater fish? Podcast celebrates how women are tackling climate change New waste policies leave informal traders struggling BRICS Bank and AIIB: New players, same old game The environmental costs of deep-sea mining Green mountaineers clean up Everests litter EU and China agree ocean partnership What are the opportunities for EU-China ocean cooperation? Chinas waste ban debate is misinformed and one-dimensional Ozone-depleting substances test Chinas commitment to global treaty Why the Koshi couldnt be tamed Poorer countries need bigger say in IPCC ocean report Chinese infrastructure in Latin America: A new frontier Smugglers cashing in on sea turtles Chinas solar industry is at a crossroads Laos suspends new dams as tragedy raises wider fears Chemical recycling is coming of age Rivers in the sky: How deforestation is affecting global water cycles China releases 2020 action plan for air pollution目 录 CONTENTS 编辑顾问 委员会 杂志团队 马克埃尔文 澳大利亚国立大学（堪培拉）亚太历史学名誉教授 马 军 公众环境研究中心主任 潘家华 中国社会科学院城市发展与环境研究所所长 经济学教授 彭定康 牛津大学和纽卡斯尔大学校长 英国上议院议员 奥维尔舍尔 亚洲协会美中关系中心亚瑟罗斯主任 克里斯宾迪克尔 前外交官、学者、环保主义者 王灿发 环境法学教授 中国政法大学（北京）“污染受害者法律援助中心“创始人 丹尼尔史宾哲 吉象木业董事会主席 王 名 清华大学公共管理学院副院长 清华大学非政府组织研究所所长 大卫金 牛津大学史密斯企业与环境学院院长 总 编 伊莎贝尔希尔顿 责任编辑 马天杰 编 辑 刘 琴 美术编辑 益念良作 审 校 赵东涛夏洛婷克里斯多夫戴维黄露珊何松梅 Chinas multi-faceted climate record 4. 解振华： “我们不会改主意，也不重新谈判” 李 婧 6. We will not backtrack or renegotiate says Chinas top climate negotiator Li Jing 8. 中国给煤电建设松绑？ 冯 灏 10. China is building coal power again Feng Hao 13. 中国可以助力非洲能源绿色化 白莉莉 16. Are Chinas energy investments in Africa green enough? Lili Pike 19. 太阳能地球工程会在中国破土吗？ 白莉莉 23. Solar geoengineering rises in the East Lili Pike29. 中国公众是否真的关注气候变化？ 李 婧 32. Does the Chinese public care about climate change? Li Jing 35. 高温退下后，气候传播该做些什么？ 武毅秀 37. Winter is coming, but how can communicatorskeep climate change in the news? Wu Yixiu 40.CFC-11考验中国环境履约能力 冯 灏 42.Ozone-depleting substances test Chinas commitmentto global treaty Feng Hao 45. 应急管理部成立：中国灾害应对进入新格局？ 曹 越 47. A turning point in Chinas disaster preparedness? Cao Yue 50. #MeToo之后：改善中国环保界性别平等现状 姚 喆 52. #MeToo has arrived and Chinas environmentsector must respond Yao Zhe 气候变化，中国的多重面向 China in focus 聚焦中国 有关供稿请联系 ideaschinadialogue（中文） 有关在经济上支持中外对话请联系 supportchinadialogue 有关获得与中外对话进行合作项目的信息请联系 lushan.huangchinadialogue 有关咨询中外对话实习或者工作信息请联系 lushan.huangchinadialogue 有关咨询加入中外对话志愿者翻译员请联系 volunteerchinadialogue 联系我们54. 金砖银行和亚投行：新玩家，老游戏 罗伯特苏塔 56. BRICS Bank and AIIB: New players, same old game Robert Soutar 59. 香港会成为“一带一路”绿色融资引擎吗？ 凯莉朗 61. Hong Kong seeks bigger role in BRI Kayleigh Long 63. 气候领袖光环下，加州如何摆脱石油依赖？ 费尔明库普 66. Californias climate leadership contradiction Fermn Koop Mark Elvin Emeritus professor of Pacific and Asian history at the Australian National University, Canberra Ma Jun Director of Institute of Public & Environmental Affairs Pan Jiahua Executive Director of Institute for Urban and Environmental Studies Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Professor of economics at the CASS Graduate School Lord Patten of Barnes Chancellor of Oxford University and Newcastle University and a member of the House of Lords Orville Schell The Arthur Ross Director of the Center on U.S.-China Relations at the Asia Society Crispin Tickell A former diplomat, an academic and an environmentalist Wang Canfa Professor of environmental law in China, the founder of the Centre for Legal Assistance for Pollution Victims Daniel Spitzer Chairman of Plantation Timber Products Group (“PTP”) Wang Ming Deputy Dean of the School of Public Policy and Management at Tsinghua University, director of the NGO Research Institute at Tsinghua University Sir David King Director of the Smith School for Enterprise and the Environment at the University of Oxford 中国与世界,环境危机大家谈 China and the world discuss the environment Chief Editor Isabel Hilton Executive Editor Ma Tianjie Editor Liu Qin Art Editor YNLZ Proofreader Zhao Dongtao Charlotte Middlehurst Christopher DavyHuang Lushan Mary Hennock Editorial Advisory Board 海外投资 Overseas investment Journal Team 69. 锂电池报废大潮即将来袭 阿比盖尔贝尔 72. Are recyclers ready for the coming glut of lithium-ion batteries? Abigail Beall76.公有还是私有？全球水管理面临抉择 赫蒂奥布莱恩 78.Is privatising water supply really the best solution? Hettie OBrien 81.洋垃圾禁令是否真的环保？ 夏洛婷 84.Chinas waste ban debate is misinformed and one-dimensional Charlotte Middlehurst 87.化学回收技术能解决塑料危机吗？ 凯瑟琳厄尔利 90.Chemical recycling is coming of age Catherine Early 93.公海保护大谈判：难在何处？ 张 春 97. Negotiations art on a high seas treaty Zhang Chun 101.远洋渔业监管：惩罚只是开端 张 春 104.China cracks down on illegal distant water fishing Zhang Chun 108.跨境贸易威胁海龟生存 李依凡 111.Smugglers cashing in on sea turtles Li Yifan New takes on global environment Oceans in focus 环境新视野 海洋与渔业 For editorial submissions, please contact: ideaschinadialogue (English) For information on how you can support chinadialogue financially, please contact: supportchinadialogue To receive information on chinadialogue partnership programmes, please contact: lushan.huangchinadialogue To enquire about internships or jobs at chinadialogue, please contact: lushan.huangchinadialogue To enquire about joining chinadialogues network of volunteer user-comment translators, please contact: volunteerchinadialogue Contact Us解振华： “我们不会改主意，也不重新谈判” 解振华在对特朗普政府进行含蓄批评的同时，再次申明了中国的气候承诺。 李 婧 9 月 9 日 ， 国际气候会谈在曼谷 落下帷幕 ， 未能就 巴黎协定 的实施细则取得实质性进展 。 一周 后 ， 中国气候变化首席代表解振华 重申了各国在 2018 年 12 月最后期 限之前敲定细则的承诺。 中国气候变化事务特别代表解 振华上周在旧金山举行的全球气候 行动峰会上告诉记者 ， 各国已经达 成共识 ， 对 2015 年巴黎会谈上达成 的气候目标 “ 不会改主意 ， 不会重 新谈判” 。 “ 大多数国家 除了极少 数 都表现出了灵活性和强烈的 政治意愿。 ”解振华说， “ 我们一致同 意 ， 我们只能从 巴黎协定 出发 向前走 ， 不会倒退 ， 不会重新考虑已 经达成共识的问题， ”他补充道。 解振华重申中国的气候承诺 Nikki Ritcher / Global Climate Action Summit 气候变化，中国的多重面向 Chinas multi-faceted climate record 4 chinadialogue9 月 4 至 9 日 ， 联合国气候会谈 在泰国曼谷举行 ， 与会的发展中国 家和发达国家就各国设定国家温室 气体减排目标的雄心持不同意见。 中国和其他发展中国家一起 ， 要求谈判文本允许一些国家作出自 愿而非强制性的承诺 。 这遭到了以 美国为首 、包括加拿大和澳大利亚 在内的“ 伞形集团”的反对。 解振华没有指名道姓 ， 只表示 曼谷气候会谈期间 ， 某些国家不顾 全球去碳化这一 “ 不可逆转的趋势” ， 立场“ 令人失望” 。 解振华暗指的可能是特朗普政 府 ， 特朗普政府计划美国在 2020 年 正式退出 气候协定 ， 并一直试图 为国内日渐消沉的煤炭行业提供补 贴， 以及下调车辆排放标准。 尽管陷入僵局 ， 解振华确信合 作终将取得胜利 。 各国已经缩小分 歧 ， 并将谈判文件的篇幅缩减至约 250 页， 以简化这一过程。 揭开旧伤疤 布鲁金斯学会资深研究员 、 2016 年以前一直担任奥巴马政府气候特 使的托德 斯特恩说 ， 特朗普政府在 全球气候谈判中缺乏政治参与 ， “ 让 事情变得非常困难” 。 斯特恩说 ， 奥巴马政府曾经展 现出的协调全球最大的两个碳污染 国之间分歧的善意如今消失殆尽。 “ 我所说的我们曾经合作良 好， 并不意味着这个过程中没有冲 突和争辩， 也不意味着意见完全一 致我们知道大家都试图以一种 不会越过红线的方式共同努力 。 ” 斯特恩说。 “最 终 也许 会花 上很长 时 间 我们会找到办 法的。 ” 他 还说。 能源基金会北京办事处总裁邹 骥也认为 ， 特朗普政府对气候谈判 不合作的态度 ， 让美国成为国际谈 判的“ 负担” 。 “ 美 国 不 合 作，还 提 一 大 堆 要 求 。” 他 说 。 斯特恩说 ， 他如果参加曼谷谈 判 ， 也会反对发展中国家和发达国 家采取不同规则的议案。 “ 这恰恰越过了红线， ” 他说， “ 这 么做就是重新协商巴黎峰会已经确 定的问题。 ” 2018 年 12 月 ， 联合国气候变 化框架公约 第二十四次缔约方会 议将在波兰卡托维兹举行 。 斯特恩 说 ， 在这一最后期限之前 ， 各国还有 足够时间来克服这一症结。 解振华认为 ， 谈判进行到现阶 段 ， 各国提出 “ 高要求 ”是正常的 。 他还说 ， 谈判不是一场零和博弈 ， 每 个国家最终必须做出妥协。 “ 我们的目标是保护人类共同的 未来 。 ”他说 ， “ 然后守住各 （ 成员 ） 国的利益和红线。 ” 李婧， 自由撰稿人， 关注环境与气候议题 Chinas multi-faceted climate record 气候变化，中国的多重面向 chinadialogue 5We will not backtrack or renegotiate, says Chinas top climate negotiator Special representative Xie Zhenhua affirms climate commitment while making a veiled criticism of the Trump administration Li Jing A week after international climate talks in Bangkok failed to deliver substantive progress on guidelines for implementing the Paris Agreement, Chinas top climate envoy has reaffirmed the commitment of countries to finalise rules by the deadline in December 2018. Xie Zhenhua, Chinas special representative of climate change affairs, told reporters at the Global Climate Action Summit in San Francisco last week that member countries have reached a consensus “not to backtrack or renegotiate” on environmental targets agreed in Paris in 2015. “Most of the countries except for a few have demonstrated flexibility and strong political will,” said Xie. “We have agreed that we can only move forward from the Paris Agreement, and will not backtrack on what has already been agreed,” he added. The comments followed a United Nations climate meeting in Thailand from 4-9 September where developing and developed countries clashed over the level of ambition required by each country when setting national targets to cut greenhouse emissions. China sided with other developing nations in calling for the negotiation text to allow voluntary rather than mandatory commitments for some countries. This was rejected by the “Umbrella Group” of countries led by the US, including Canada and Australia. Avoiding names, Xie also said the stance of certain countries had been “disappointing” during the negotiations in Bangkok because they had disregarded “the irreversible trend” of global decarbonisation. Xie was likely making a veiled criticism of the Trump administration, which plans to formally withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement in 2020, and has been looking for ways to subsidise a declining domestic coal sector and rollback vehicle emission standards. Despite the impasse, Xie affirmed that cooperation would Xie said the stance of certain countries had been “disappointing“ during the negotiations. “ ” 气候变化，中国的多重面向 Chinas multi-faceted climate record 6 chinadialogueultimately triumph. Countries have already narrowed down their differences, and simplified the process by reducing the size of the negotiation text down to approximately 250 pages. Opening up old wounds Todd Stern, a senior fellow with the Brookings Institution and a former special climate envoy under president Barack Obama until 2016, said the lack of political engagement by the Trump administration in global climate negotiations is “making things very difficult”. Stern said the goodwill that helped the worlds two largest carbon polluters navigate their differences during the Obama administration is missing. “When I say we had very good cooperation that didnt mean we didnt fight and argue and have very different viewswe knew we were committed to trying to work together in a way that wasnt going to cross red lines,” said Stern. “Eventually although it could take a long time we will find a way,” he added. Zou Ji, president of Energy Foundations China Programme, agreed that the Trump administrations uncooperative approach to climate negotiations has made the country “a burden” to international talks. “It is not cooperating, yet it is still making a lot of requests,” he said. Stern said if he had been at the negotiation table in Bangkok, he too would have opposed the motion for different rules between developing and developed countries. “This precisely runs across red lines,” he sai