2022中国营商环境白皮书.pdf

2022 White PaPeron the Business e nvironment in China 2022年中国营商环境白皮书The American Chamber of Commerce in South China华南美国商会 February 28, 20222022年2月28日Guangzhou, Peoples Republic of China中国 广州It is important to note that the American Chamber of Commerce in South China (AmCham South China) is an entirely independent member driven, non-partisan, non-political, non-government, non-profit business organization accredited in 1995 by US Chamber of Commerce in Washington, DC. The information provided in this publication is researched and produced independently by AmCham South China and does not represent the views of the US or any other government or organization. AmCham South China receives no funding from any government for the production of this publication.华南美国商会 （美商会） 是一个完全独立的无党派、 非政府和非赢利性的商业机构， 由设在华盛顿特区的美国全国商会认可， 于1995年成立。 华南美国商会由会员选举出的完全独立的理事会进行机构管理。 该出版物的内容均由华南美国商会独立调研与发行， 不代表美国政府或其他政府组织的观点。该刊物的出版与印刷没有接受任何政府的资助。Review Committee 编审委员会Aaron FinleyDirector, Deloitte费利伦， 总监， 德勤中国Dr. David HonCEO, Dahon Technologies韩德玮博士， 董事长， 大行车业 （深圳） 有限公司Scott LiangPresident, Apex (Guangzhou) Tools & Orthopedics Co.梁生虎， 总裁， 艾派 （广州） 医疗器械有限公司Edouard Mac NabCFO, Mead Johnson & Co. LLC艾敬元， 首席财务官， 美赞臣营养品 （中国） 有限公司Thomas PodgurskiPartner, Royal Service Air Conditioning谭保加士基， 合伙人， 皇家空调设备工程 （广东） 有限公司May QiuDirector, Nike China Sourcing & Manufacturing邱丰梅， 总监， 耐克采购服务 （广州） 有限公司Andy RusieCFO, Old World IndustriesAndy Rusie， 财务总监， Old World IndustriesTim ShaverClub Manager, Harbour Plaza Golf Club Dongguan田星华， 会所经理， 东莞海逸高尔夫球会Dr. Hui SunLegal Scholar孙惠博士， 法学专家Tim WenCEO, Allway Group USA温天伦， 首席执行官， 美国百通集团Greg WongManaging Director, AgodaGreg Wong， 董事总经理， 雅高达集团Frances YuPresident, Amway China余放， 总裁， 安利 （中国） 日用品有限公司Dr. Harley SeyedinCommittee Chair, Editor in Chief, AuthorPresident, Allelon Energy Partners哈利.赛亚丁博士编审委员会主席， 总编辑， 作者总裁， 阿来龙能源Dr. James Eric (Jay) BlackManaging Editor and Lead AuthorMercer University Schumann Endowed Professor in Media Writing and Chair of the Department of Journalism and Media StudiesJames Eric (Jay) Black博士副总编及首席作者，特聘教授、 新闻与媒介研究系主席， 美国摩斯大学Dr. Richard Gibson HawkinsContributing Editor and AuthorMercer University Professor of Integrated LearningRichard Gibson Hawkins 博士特约编辑及作者美国摩斯大学综合性学习教授Dr. David BuxbaumLaw Editor, AuthorManaging Partner, Anderson & Anderson L.L.P.包恒博士法律编辑及作者管理合伙人， 安与恩事务所Yien WuContributing Editor吴沂恩， 特约编辑Charlene ChenAssociate Editor, Publication Designer,AmCham South China陈晓琳， 副编辑及出版设计师， 华南美国商会Nora LiangAssistant Associate EditorAmCham South China梁智晖， 副编辑助理， 华南美国商会(In alphabetical order of last name 以下按姓氏字母排列)Dr. Joe ChowManaging Director, Duff & Phelps周炳辰博士， 董事总经理， 道衡美评Benny ChenVice President, General Counsel, Procter & Gamble Greater China陈兵， 副总裁， 宝洁 （中国） 有限公司 2022 The American Chamber of Commerce in South China版权所有 华南美国商会 2022年Reproduction for commercial use strictly prohibited. This document is available free of charge in electronic form at: amcham-southchina严禁复制以作商业用途。 华南美国商会官方网站提供该出版物电子版免费下载。Last updated: February 28, 2022最后更新日期： 2022年2月28日The American Chamber of Commerce in South China 华南美国商会Suite 2200, Guangdong International Building, 339 Huanshi East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PRC, 510098中华人民共和国广东省广州市越秀区环市东路339号广东国际大厦2200室 ， 邮政编码： 510098Tel. 86-20-8335 1476 Fax. 86-20-8332 1642 amchamamcham-southchinaamcham-southchinaPresidents Message 8Part I Commentary 14 1.1 Covid-19 Pandemic: Impacts and Mitigation 1.2 The On-going China-US Trade Conflict 1.3 Greater Bay Area: navigating roads towards an innovation and high-quality growth * Section 1.3 Courtesy of EY1.4 Brief Analysis of the Intellectual Property Sections of Three Influential International Trade Agreements and One Bilateral Trade Agreement CPTPP, ETA, RCEP, CAI * Section 1.4 Courtesy of Anderson & Anderson LLP1.5 Development of Chinas Intellectual Property in 2021 * Section 1.5 Courtesy of Anderson & Anderson LLPPart II Industry Overviews 1582.1 Agriculture 1602.2 Animals and Related Products 1802.3 Automotive Industry 196 2.4 Machinery and Semiconductors 2082.5 Construction and Real Estate 226 2.6 Resources and Industrial Materials 2422.7 Electricity Generation 2582.8 Logistics 2822.9 Travel and Tourism 3002.10 Merchandising 3142.11 Consumer Goods 3282.12 Food Services 3502.13 Culture, Sports, and Entertainment 3642.14 Healthcare 382Contents目录会 长 致 辞 1 1第 一 部 分 评 论 1 51.1 新冠疫情： 影响和应对 1.2 持续不断的中美贸易冲突 1.3 粤港澳大湾区： 以科技创新推动 高质量发展 *1.3节由安永提供 1.4 简要分析三个影响贸易的协定及一个 双边贸易协议的知识产权部分 *1.4节由安与恩事务所提供 1.5 2021年中国知识产权发展情况 *1.5节由安与恩事务所提供 第 二 部 分 行 业 概 况 1 5 92.1 农业 161 2.2 动物及相关产品 181 2.3 汽车行业 1972 . 4 机 械 和 半 导 体 2 0 92.5 建筑和房地产 227 2 . 6 资 源 及 工 业 原 料 2 4 32 . 7 电 力 生 产 2 5 9 2.8 物流 283 2.9 旅行和旅游业 301 2.10 销售 315 2.11 消费品 3292.12 餐饮服务业 3512.13 文化、 体育和娱乐 3652.14 医疗保健行业 3832.15 Education Industry 3982.16 Financial Sector 4202.17 Information and Communication 442 Technology Industry List of Abbreviations and Acronyms 462 in Part I and Part II Part III Regional Overview 464* Part III Courtesy of EY3.1 Economic Overwiew in South China 4663.2 Guangdong 4723.3 Fujian 4903.4 Guangxi 5043.5 Hainan 5203.6 HongKong 5323.7 Macao 542Part IV Results of 2022 State of 548 Business Study 4.1 Demographics 5504.2 Revenue and Profitability 5574.3 AmCham South Chinas Studies on 567 Power Shortages 4.4 Reinvestment Trends 5714.5 Business and Operational 584 Environment 4.6 US-China Bilateral Relations 5912.15 教育产业 3992.16 金融业 4212.17 信息通讯技术业 443 第 三 部 分 区 域 概 况 4 6 5*该部分由安永提供3.1 华南地区经济概况 4673.2 广东 4733.3 福建 4913.4 广西 5053.5 海南 5213.6 香港 5333.7 澳门 543第 四 部 分 2 0 2 2 年 经 济 情 况 问 卷 调 查 结 果 5 4 94.1 受访企业组成 5504.2 收入与利润 5574.3 华南美国商会电力报告 5674.4 再投资趋势 5714.5 营商环境 5 8 44.6 美中双边关系 59116426696124* 第一部分及第二部分由广州博朗翻译服务有限公司提供翻译174367971258 92022 White Paper on the Business Environment in China The American Chamber of Commerce in South ChinaPresidents MessageIt is important to note that the American Chamber of Commerce in South China (AmCham South China) is an entirely independent member driven, non-partisan, non-political, non-government, non-profit business organization accredited in 1995 by US Chamber of Commerce in Washington, DC. The information provided in this publication is researched and produced independently by AmCham South China and does not represent the views of the US or any other government or organization. AmCham South China receives no funding from any government for the production of this publication.Building a yearly double-digit increasing economy is not as easy as it used to be. At the close of 2019, China was continuing its historic transition from being a superhigh-growth, emerging market to a mature, established economy. At the time, even with some deceleration, the Chinese economy was still expanding at a 6.1% annual clip, a figure that well outstripped most other nations. The country was internationalizing rapidly via the Belt and Road Initiative, and per capita disposable income was continuing to rise all while showing resilience in the face of the trade war with the US. Then, at the end of the year, a novel coronavirus emerged that proverbially knocked all the pieces off the table.One might suspect that Chinas trade war with the US convinced its leaders that the country needed to move faster to expand its domestic consumer market so its economy would not sway inconsistently by the trade winds from the West. The coronavirus pandemic, however, steered the second largest economy in the world in the opposite direction by making exports a larger driver of growth than at any other time in years, leaving the country more exposed to spending by western shoppers. Western demand for items such as laptops, furniture and bikes boomed. The export surge has been good for China in the short term, helping keep growth solid throughout the pandemic, but it is worsening an economic imbalance that Chinese leaders are struggling to address as the pandemic approaches its third year. Unlike the US, which saw a rapid rebound in consumer spending during the pandemic, China has seen consumption stay subdued. Retail sales still arent growing as rapidly as they were before Covid-19. The most recent figures, for September, rose by 4.4% from a year earlier, well below the 8% pace in the full year of 2019. The weakness owes partly to the fact China didnt dish out stimulus money like the US did, so its consumers werent flush with extra cash. It also reflects a longer-term trend toward more saving, with many Chinese people deciding to sock away money during a time of uncertaintyespecially with lingering fears of outbreaks. With all the problems facing this world and the uniquely historic relationship between China and the US, the 18th edition of our Special Report reminds us of the overwhelming positiveness of American companies to continue to invest and contribute to the growth of China. It may be time to take another look at that sock drawer.Last year, AmCham South China predicted a GDP growth slowdown in the last quarter of 2023 and all of 2024 due to a lower number of planned projects of over US$250 million. This years 2022 Special Report on the State of Business in South China shows an increase of reinvestments in large projects of US$250 million or more having taken place in 2021 and also our study shows an increase in budgeting for large projects in 2022. Therefore, we have updated our prediction to show that the slowdown in Chinas GDP growth will still happen in the last quarter of 2023 but will be alleviated by mid-2024. From the Special Report: The number of companies which actually each reinvested US$250 million or more in 2021 grew from 5% to 10%. The number of companies that will reinvest more than US$250 million is 10%, a 5% increase compared to last year.China is likely to switch its focus to supporting economic growth in 2022 after regulatory crackdowns that encompassed property, education, technology and coal use in 2021. The government tightened regulatory oversight in 2021 to step up efforts to rebalance long-term growth and in response to growing tensions with the United States. However, the crackdown has exposed risks to Chinas growth model, which requires careful management of conflicting goals. Chinas economy grew by 4.9% in the third quarter of 2021 compared with a year earlier, down from the 7.9% growth seen in the second quarter. While there could be more regulatory measures, policymakers are likely to focus on defending a minimum 5% gross domestic product (GDP) growth target and avoid making drastic changes that could upset the status quo. More likely, policymakers will pick areas with less political resistance and lower growth impact. For instance, they could endeavor to make education, health care, elderly care and public housing more accessible to ordinary people. It is true that the US and China have a deep barrel of disagreements, but 2022 will probably not be the year the two countries hang out their dirty laundry. Washington will be distracted by midterm elections, Covid mutations, sharp internal discord and other internal fish that need to be fried before taking the time to consider all the aspects of its relationship with China. Its possible both the US and China may want to just take a breather concerning their current trade conflict. Over the next 10 months, President Xi Jinping needs to make a few checks on his honey-do-list as well. More important than wrestling with the US over trade specifics, President Xi will attend two national events: the February Winter Olympics and the mid-fall 20th Communist Party Congress. At the Beijing games, China will seek to demonstrate its mastery of both global spectacle and Covid-19. Even more important, President Xi will want a quiet runup to the party congress where he is expected to gain another five-year term as leader, elevating him to the historic level of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping.Perhaps it would be appropriate for both countries to hit the pause button so that they both can have a little me-time of self-reflection. Perhaps they could use the time to advance an effort that both countries ultimately support: mitigating climate change. As Bloomberg noted late last year, while the US and China have not always seen eye to eye on timing and methods for limiting emissions, ocean acidification, overfishing and polar ice-melting, they have at times broadly joined arms to pull the rest of the world along. The coming year would be a good time to support John Kerrys energetic push to get the two nations to agree on concrete next steps.Before all the environmental hand-shaking and back-slapping end, perhaps the two countries could do one more thing. It is time for the countries to actually look forward together rather than look back apart. Both countries need to play the adult in the room so that we can plan for the next pandemic. Some believe the world will be living with new Greek lettered Covid variants for a long time before the true Omega comes. Our world is overcrowded and filled with urban masses and frenetic international travel. It would seem that another pandemic is an inevitable certainty. The information Im receiving possibly says no.According to Edward Ryan MD, Director of International Infectious Disease at Massachusetts 10 112022 White Paper on the Business Environment in China The American Chamber of Commerce in South ChinaGeneral Hospital, as of January 7th close to 100% of the positive cases in Massachusetts were Omicron. Delta was almost completely gone from New England. This surge would peak sometime between 1/10 and 1/21 and then begin a quick downhill journey of two to four weeks. Omicron lives in your nose and upper respiratory area which is what makes it so contagious. It isnt able to bond with your lungs like the other variants. He said we wont need a booster for omicron because they wouldnt be able to develop one before its completely gone and were all going to get it which will give us the immunity we need to get through it. COVID will join the four other coronaviruses we deal with that cause the common cold, upper respiratory infections, RSV, and such. It will become a pediatric disease mainly affecting young children with no immunity. William Shakespeare wrote, “Now is the winter of our discontent Made glorious summer by this sun of York; And all the clouds that lourd upon our house. In the deep bosom of the ocean buried.” We are fighting the last war with COVID and should be pivoting back to normal life, but society isnt quite ready for it yet. We should prepare now for a glorious spring. Its time to get back to business.With best regards,Dr. Harley SeyedinWinner of the 2017 Oslo Business for Peace Award(together with Elon Musk, Durreen Shahnaz and Murad Al-Katib)Awarded by an Award Committee of Nobel Laureates in Peace and EconomicsAmong few individuals in 231 years to be awarded theThomas Jefferson initiated Peace Through Commerce Medal by the US GovernmentVisiting Scholar, Jinan UniversityPresident, Allelon Energy PartnersPresident, American Chamber of Commerce