2021年全球数字连接状况报告（英）-31页_3mb.pdf

ITUPublicationsMeasuring digital developmentFacts and figures 2021International Telecommunication UnionDevelopment SectorMeasuring digital developmentFacts and figures 2021ISBN978-92-61-35401-5 (Electronic version) 978-92-61-35411-4 (EPUB version) 978-92-61-35421-3 (MOBI version)DisclaimerThe designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of ITU concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ITU in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.All reasonable precautions have been taken by ITU to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. The opinions, findings and conclusions expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of ITU or its membership. 2021 ITUInternational Telecommunication Union Place des Nations CH-1211 Geneva SwitzerlandOriginal language of publication: EnglishAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the International Telecommunication Union.The base map for this infographic is based on the UNmap database of the United Nations Cartographic Section.iiiForewordAn estimated 4.9 billion people are using the Internet in 2021, according to latest estimates in this 2021 edition of Measuring Digital Development: Facts and figures. That means that roughly 63 per cent of the worlds population is now online an increase of 17 per cent with almost 800 million people estimated to have come online since 2019. Internet penetration increased more than 20 per cent on average in Africa, in Asia and the Pacific, and in the UN-designated Least Developed Countries (LDCs). It is clear that ICTs and the Internet have been vital in helping maintain continuity in business activity, employment, education, provision of basic citizens services, entertainment, and socializing. Digital platforms and services have enabled countless innovations that helped mitigate the health, social and economic costs of the tragedy, and build resilience against future crises. With most of the 17 Global Goals thrust sharply off-track by the force of the emergency, the pandemic has highlighted and exacerbated the crippling cost of digital exclusion. Achieving universal meaningful connectivity has become a matter of the utmost urgency if we are to meet the SDGs by the end of the decade.We cannot close the digital divide if we cannot measure it. And we cannot connect the unconnected if we do not know who they are, where they live, and why they remain offline nor can we measure the success of our policies to bridge the gap.Through a set of unique and timely statistics, ITUs Facts and figures sheds light on the multiple facets and evolving nature of the digital divide and takes stock of the progress towards closing it. While the access divide is close to being bridged, with 95 per cent of the worlds population now living within range of a mobile broadband network, important blind spots remain. Close to 30 per cent of Africas rural population still lacks mobile broadband coverage.And even though the vast majority of the worlds people could access the Internet through mobile broadband, less than two thirds actually do. The statistics reveal a connectivity grand canyon separating the digitally empowered from the digitally excluded, with 96 per cent of the 2.9 billion still offline living in the developing world. Drilling down to country level also affords a more nuanced picture. Location plays a big part: our figures reveal that the share of Internet users in urban areas is twice as high as in rural areas. There is also a generational gap 71 per cent of the worlds population aged 15-24 is using the Internet, compared with 57 per cent of all other age groups. And gender remains a factor: globally, 62 per cent of men are using the Internet compared with 57 per cent of women. While that digital gender divide has been narrowing across all regions, women remain digitally marginalized in many of the worlds poorest countries, where online access could potentially have its most powerful effect.ivClosing the digital divide will mean much more than simply getting everybody online. As digital platforms and services become ever-more sophisticated, the digital divide is increasingly defined by peoples ability to make meaningful use of connectivity. This ability in turn depends on myriad factors, one of which is, of course, affordability.The Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development set a target for 2025 stipulating that entry-level broadband services should cost less than 2 per cent of monthly gross national income per capita. In almost half of the economies for which data could be obtained, that target has not yet been met.Another important factor is digital skills, with a lack of skills preventing many from getting online at all, while compromising the ability of others to get the most out of devices and services. Poor digital literacy also exposes people to risks linked to the dark side of connectivity: cyberattacks, scams, fake news, or harmful content.With its hard evidence and global reach, ITUs Facts and figures serves as a powerful advocacy tool in efforts to put digital development at the top of the agenda of policymakers and the global development community. Doreen Bogdan-Martin Director, ITU Telecommunication Development BureauvForeword iiiInternet uptake has accelerated during the pandemic 1Internet use moving closer to gender parity 3Young people more connected than the rest of the population 5Share of Internet users in urban areas twice as high as in rural areas 6Broadband subscriptions pick up in 2021 7Most of the world population is covered by a mobile-broadband signal, but blind spots remain 10International bandwidth continues to grow strongly 13Despite a steady decline, the cost of connecting remains high in developing countries 15Mobile phones are becoming ubiquitous 17Skills development remains crucial to connect the unconnected 19Methodology 21Table of contentsMeasuring digital development1Facts and figures 2021Internet uptake has accelerated during the pandemic20052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021*0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.0NumberofInternetusers,billions0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%55%60%65%PercentageofInternetusersIndividualsusingtheInternetSource:ITU*ITUestimateThe Internet has long been a source of countless opportunities for personal fulfilment, professional development and value creation. With the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become a vital necessity for working, learning, accessing basic services and keeping in touch. The latest ITU data show that uptake of the Internet has accelerated during the pandemic. In 2019, 4.1 billion people (or 54 per cent of the worlds population) were using the Internet. Since then the number of users has surged by 800 million to reach 4.9 billion people in 2021, or 63 per cent of the population.1 Nonetheless, this means that some 2.9 billion people remain offline, 96 per cent of whom live in developing countries. Those who remain unconnected face multiple barriers, including a lack of access: some 390 million people are not even covered by a mobile broadband signal (see below).In 2020, the first year of the pandemic, the number of Internet users grew by 10.2 per cent, the largest increase in a decade, driven by developing countries where Internet use went up 13.3 per cent. In 2021, growth has returned to a more modest 5.8 per cent, in line with pre-crisis rates. 1 See “Methodology” below for information about how estimates were produced.Measuring digital development2 Facts and figures 2021WorldAfricaArabStatesAsia&PacificCISEuropeTheAmericasDevelopedDevelopingLDCsLLDCsSIDS0%20%40%60%80%100%Total63%33%66%61%82%87%81%90%57%27%35%64%PercentageofindividualsusingtheInternet,2021*Source:ITU*ITUEstimateBetween 2019 and 2021, Internet use in Africa and the Asia-Pacific region jumped by 23 per cent and 24 per cent, respectively. Over the same period, the number of Internet users in the least developed countries (LDCs) increased by 20 per cent and now accounts for 27 per cent of the population. Growth has been necessarily much weaker in developed economies, given that Internet use is already almost universal, at more than 90 per cent. This growth differential has contributed to a modest narrowing of the divide between the worlds most and least-connected countries: for example, the divide between developed economies and the LDCs went from 66 percentage points in 2017 to 63 percentage points in 2021.Measuring digital development3Facts and figures 2021Internet use moving closer to gender parityWorldAfricaArabStatesAsia&PacificCISEuropeTheAmericasDevelopedDevelopingLDCsLLDCsSIDSMale62%Female57%35%24%68%56%59%54%81%79%87%83%78%79%89%88%57%50%31%19%38%27%61%59%PercentageoffemaleandmalepopulationusingtheInternet,2020Source:ITUGlobally, in 2020, 62 per cent of all men were using the Internet, compared with 57 per cent of all women. Gender parity is deemed achieved when the gender parity score, defined as the female percentage divided by the male percentage, stands between 0.98 and 1.02.In all regions, the gender Internet divide has been narrowing in recent years (see figure on next page). Thus, the global gender parity score has improved from 0.89 in 2018 to 0.92 in 2020. Parity has been achieved in developed countries as a whole and in the Americas, and almost achieved (parity score between 0.95 and 0.98) in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) region, the small island developing states (SIDS) and Europe.The divide remains wide in the LDCs, where only 19 per cent of women are using the Internet (12 percentage points lower than men), the landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) (27 per cent of women versus 38 per cent of men), Africa (24 per cent versus 35 per cent) and the Arab States (56 per cent versus 68 per cent).Measuring digital development4 Facts and figures 2021WorldAfricaArabStatesAsia&PacificCISEuropeTheAmericasDevelopedDevelopingLDCsLLDCsSIDS20200.9220180.890.670.580.820.750.910.870.970.960.950.941.011.010.990.980.890.840.620.570.710.670.970.96Genderparity(0.98-1.02)TheInternetusergenderparityscore,2018and2020Source:ITUNote:ThegenderparityscoreiscalculatedastheproportionofwomenwhousetheInternetdividedbytheproportionofmen.AvaluesmallerthanoneindicatesthatmenaremorelikelytousetheInternetthanwomen,whileavaluegreaterthanoneindicatestheopposite.Valuesbetween0.98and1.02reflectgenderparity.Measuring digital development5Facts and figures 2021Young people more connected than the rest of the populationWorldAfricaArabStatesAsia&PacificCISEuropeTheAmericasDevelopedDevelopingLDCsLLDCsSIDS0%20%40%60%80%100%57%27%60%53%78%83%77%87%51%22%31%58%71%40%73%72%91%97%92%99%67%34%38%71%PercentageofindividualsusingtheInternet,2020Source:ITUNote:youthmeans15-24yearoldindividualsusingtheInternetasapercentageofthetotalpopulationaged15to24years.Restofthepopulationmeansindividualsbelow15yearsoldorover24yearsoldasapercentageoftherespectivepopulation.RestofthepopulationYouthIn 2020, 71 per cent of the worlds youth (aged between 15 and 24 years) were using the Internet, compared with 57 per cent of the other age groups. On the global scale, young people were thus 1.24 times more likely to connect than the rest of the population. In developed countries, where 90 per cent of the population is already online, the ratio was small (1.14). In developing countries the difference stood at 1.32, and in the LDCs it reached 1.53, as 34 per cent of young people were connected compared with only 22 per cent for the rest of the population. For Africa the ratio was 1.47, and for the Asia and the Pacific region it was 1.35. The greater uptake among young people bodes well for connectivity in areas where the demographic profile is skewed towards youth, such as the LDCs, where half of the population is less than 20 years old. It means that the workforce will become more connected and technology-savvy as the young generation joins its ranks. This in turn could improve the development prospects of these regions.Measuring digital development6 Facts and figures 2021Share of Internet users in urban areas twice as high as in rural areasWorldAfricaArabStatesAsia&PacificCISEuropeTheAmericasDevelopedDevelopingLDCsLLDCsSIDSUrban-76%Rural-39%50%15%76%42%75%39%85%69%87%80%83%60%89%85%72%34%47%13%63%18%77%32%PercentageofindividualsusingtheInternetbylocation,2020Source:ITUGlobally, people in urban areas are twice more likely to use the Internet than those in rural areas. In Africa the gap is greater: one-half of urban dwellers are online, compared with just 15 per cent of the rural population. And in the LDCs, urban dwellers are almost four times as likely to use the Internet as are people living in rural areas (47 per cent versus 13).Where connectivity is close to universal, the urban-rural gap has almost disappeared, unsurprisingly. Thus in the developed economies the connectivity rate in urban areas (89 per cent) is only four percentage points higher than in rural areas. Measuring digital development7Facts and figures 2021Broadband subscriptions pick up in 20212015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021*010203040DevelopedWorldDevelopingLLDCsSIDSLDCsFixed-telephonesubscriptionsper100inhabitants,bydevelopmentstatusSource:ITU*ITUestimateSelectmeasure:Fixed-telephonesubscriptionsper100inhabitantsFixed-broadbandsubscriptionsper100inhabitantsMobile-cellulartelephonesubscriptionsper100inhabitantsActivemobile-broadbandsubscriptionsper100inhabitantsSource: ITU* ITU estimate2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021*0102030DevelopedWorldDevelopingSIDSLLDCsLDCsFixed-broadbandsubscriptionsper100inhabitants,bydevelopmentstatusSource:ITU*ITUestimateSelectmeasure:Fixed-telephonesubscriptionsper100inhabitantsFixed-broadbandsubscriptionsper100inhabitantsMobile-cellulartelephonesubscriptionsper100inhabitantsActivemobile-broadbandsubscriptionsper100inhabitantsSource: ITU* ITU estimateFixed telephony continues its steady decline, with 11 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants globally, down from a peak of 19 per 100 in 2006. The decline is seen in all regions except the Arab States, where fixed telephone line subscriptions have been growing again since 2015.2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021*-4.5%-4