“一带一路”倡议下的全球城市（2019年度报告）.pptx

,全球化范式的转变SHIFTING PARADIGM OF GLOBALIZATION,CONTENT,目录,包容性全球化的新视角NEW PERSPECTIVE OF INCLUSIVE GLOBALIZATION,全球价值活力城市指数INDEX FOR DYNAMIC CITIES WITH GLOBAL VALUE,“一带一路”潜力城市指数INDEX FOR“BELT AND ROAD”POTENTIAL CITIES,“一带一路”倡议下的全球城市格局GLOBAL CITIES IN THE VISION OF BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE,附录APPENDIX,新自由主义全球化时代，关注资本的快 速增值，学者和机构主要从“控制中心” 和单一“网络关联”的资本控制视角解 读全球城市格局，难以解释当前全球化 面临的困局和未来，只秉持单一的资本 逻辑、强调金融控制，将难以具备持久 的城市竞争力。包容发展全球化时代意 味着更高质量的发展而非资本驱动的极 化增长，我们提出“网络协同”的发展 视角，用多维数据构建全球价值活力城 市指数，客观评估城市参与全球发展的 竞争力。,同时，我们基于“一带一路”倡议中政 策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融 通和民心相通的“五通”视角，构建“ 一带一路”潜力城市指数，评估“一带一 路”倡议推动下全球城市发展的潜力。,我们发现，从资本驱动的控制视角走向 包容共享的发展视角，基于城市活力 与潜力，更为全面真实地揭示了当 前全球城市演进中的深刻变革和未来趋 势，全球城市呈现出多极化、扁平化、 网络化的新格局，世界正在重回原点。 全球顶级城市格局从以西方城市为主导 走向东方城市崛起，“亚洲世纪”有望 开启。中国将有机会成为全球供应链 “双循环”体系的新“枢纽”，为全球 发展贡献新动能。,The Belt and Road Initiative advocates the inclusive globalization, leads the transformation of globalization paradigm on the principle of extensive consultation, joint construction and shared benets, and injects new power and vitality for the global economy, so that the globalization can benet more countries and regions. The Belt and Road Initiative represents the globalized Chinese wisdom and Chinese scheme and owns important value of times.,In the neo-liberal globalization time when the fast appreciation of capital is thought highly, scholars and institutions interpret the global city layout from the perspective of capital control of control center and single network association, but a single capital logic and the highlight of nancial control explain few of current globalization dilemmas and futures and face diculties to gain lasting urban competitiveness. The age of globalization with inclusive development refers to a more advanced development rather than the polarized growth driven by capital. So, we raise the development perspective of web-based collaboration, build a global valuable and active city index based on multi-dimensional data, and objectively assess urban competitiveness in the global development.,Meanwhile, we set the Belt and Road Initiative potential city index to assess the development potential of cities in the world under the impetus of the Belt and Road Initiative, from the policy coordination, facility connectivity, unimpeded trade, accommodation of funds, and people-to-people bond angles in the Belt and Road Initiative.,We nd, based on urban vitality and potential, the development perspective from control driven by capital to inclusive share reveals the profound reform and future trend in the course of current globalization more comprehensively and real, cities in the world form a new pattern of multi-polarization, delayering, and networking, and the world is returning the origin. The global high-end city pattern transforms from western city-dominated one to emerging-orient-city one, and the Asian Century is on the way. Wherein, China has the chance to be the new hub of global supply chain dual cycle system, injecting new power into the global development.,前言,“一带一路”倡导包容性全球化，以共 商共建共享为原则引领全球化范式的转 变，为全球经济注入新的动力与活力， 让全球化惠及更多的国家和地区。“一 带一路”代表了全球化的中国智慧和中 国方案，具有重要的划时代价值。,20世纪70-80年代，欧美国家发展政 策由凯恩斯主义导向转向新自由主义 导向，鼓励投资和贸易自由化及全球 化，跨国公司在海外设立分支机构， 大力推动资本全球扩张，构建起全球 生产和服务网络。全球化成为推动近50 年全球经济发展的重要力量。,2008年世界金融危机爆发后，全球 经济复苏乏力，西方国家主导、新 自由主义推动的全球化模式陷入困 境。一方面，英国脱欧、贸易摩擦 等国际事件频发，保护主义甚嚣尘 上，反全球化浪潮抬头，新的壁垒 正在建立。另一方面，上一阶段全 球化造成的全球贫富差距在不断扩 大，马太效应进一步凸显，纽约 “占领华尔街”、巴黎“黄马甲” 等事件客观反映了西方世界以纽 约、伦敦为代表的最佳全球城市模 式，面临着由于贫富差距、社会割 裂、城市绅士化等造成严重的“驱 逐”、“不满”与“分化”问题。,以新自由主义为旗帜的经济全球化已 经走到十字路口，亟待寻找新出路。,From 1970s to 1980s, the development policy of European and Ameri- can countries was shifted from Keynesianism to neoliberalism, encouraging the liberalization of investment and trade as well as the globalization. As various transnational companies established their overseas branches, the capital expansion was promoted globally and the global production and service network was set up. Eventually, the globalization played a signicant role in driving the global economic development in the past 50 years.,Since the global nancial crisis broke out in 2008, the global economy has been struggling to recover, and the globalization mode dominat- ed by western countries and driven by the neoliberalism has been in deep water. On one hand, various international events are taking place frequently including Brexit and the trade conicts; populism and protectionism are on the rise; the anti-globalization tides are surging; and the new barriers are emerging. On the other hand, the gap between the rich and the poor caused by the previous round of globalization is enlarging, and the Matthew Eect becomes much more obvious. Events like Occupy Wall Street in New York and the Yellow Vests Movement in Paris relfect that the optimal global city mode in the western world represented by New York and London is confronted with such serious problems as “expelling”, “dissatisfac- tion” and “dierentiation” caused by the wealth gap, the social dierentiation and the city gentrication.,Now the economic globalization featured with the neoliberalism is in an intersection and eager for a new way out.,As the current world is undergoing major development, changes and adjustments, the western developed economies adhering to,“一带一路”倡议引领包容性全球化BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE LEADS INCLUSIVE GLOBALIZATION,当今世界处于大发展大变革大调整时 期，在传统全球化模式陷入困境和加,全球化范式的转变SHIFTING PARADIGM OF GLOBALIZATION新自由主义全球化陷入困境THE GLOBALIZATION OF NEOLIBERALISM IN DEEP WATER,04,03,中国城市规划设计研究院 / China Academy of Urban Planning & Design,the strategy of “Globalization Shrinkage” is ercely competing with the emerging economies longing for further openness under the background that the traditional globalization mode is in deep water and accelerating its transformation. However, the modern production mode, transportation and ICT are enhancing the connectivity in the globe. It is impossible for the world to return back the closed and isolated age. The globalization remains the important driving force to for the future development of the world.,A large number of developing countries not beneting from the previous course of globalization are eager to be integrated into the new round of globalization; while the developed countries need to resolve the urgent issues such as domestic imbalanced development and the social polarization. Only with more inclusive and fair mode can globalization sustain.,Adhering to the Silk Road Spirit of “peace and cooperation, open- ness and inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual benet”, China proposed the Belt and Road Initiative which is a eective solution with Chinese wisdom to solve the problem of imbalanced develop- ment. As the initiative is put forward to facilitate the future interna- tional cooperation, it has revealed the vision of the interconnection between the Chinese dream and the dream of the world and the community with shared future for mankind jointly build by all coun- tries, and ushered in the new thought of the inclusive globalization.,速转型的背景下，秉持“全球化回 缩”策略的西方发达经济体与希望扩 大开放的新兴经济体正在激烈博弈。 然而，现代生产方式、交通方式和通 信技术正在加速链接全球，世界已经 不可能退回到封闭孤立的时代。全球 化仍是未来全球发展的重要动力。,一方面，上一阶段未能在全球化进程 中获益的大量发展中国家亟待融入新 的全球化进程，另一方面，发达国家 内部不均衡和社会极化问题也亟待解 决。全球化需要更加包容、公平的模 式，才能继续走下去。,“一带一路”倡议秉持“和平合作、 开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢”的 丝绸之路精神，正是中国为解决不平 衡问题而提出的、具有中国智慧的良 方，是面向未来的国际合作新共识， 展现了中国梦与世界梦相互联通，各 国携手打造人类命运共同体的美好愿 景，引领了包容性全球化的新思潮。,“一带一路”倡议下的全球城市 / Global Cities in the Visionof Belt and Road Initiative,06,2013 年以来，共建“一带一路”倡 议以政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅 通、资金融通和民心相通为主要内容 扎实推进。政策沟通是共建“一带一 路”的重要保障。“一带一路”倡议 提出至今，中国与有关国家和国际组 织充分沟通协调，形成了共建“一带 一路”的广泛国际合作共识。设施联 通是“一带一路”建设的基础和重要 载体。以铁路、公路、航运、航空、 管道、空间综合信息网络等为核心的,“一带一路”潜力城市：五通“BELT AND ROAD” POTENTIAL CITIES: POTENTIAL ON FIVE MAJOR GOALS,Since 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative have been promoted steadily from ve major aspects including policy coordination, facilities,connectivity, unimpeded trade, nancial integration and people-to-people bonds. Policy coordination is an important guaran- tee for the joint promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative. From the proposal of the Belt and Road Initiative till now, China and related countries and international organizations have reached the extensive consensus on international cooperation based on the full communi- cation and coordination . The facilities connectivity is the basis and the important carrier for the construction of the Belt and Road Initia- tive. The the infrastructure network including the railway, road, shipping, aviation, pipeline and spatial information network is built up in an accelerated manner, eectively improving the ecient,包容性全球化的新视角NEW PERSPECTIVE OF INCLUSIVE GLOBALIZATION全球价值活力城市：网络协同DYNAMIC CITIES WITH GLOBAL VALUE: SYNERGY AMONG THREE NETWORKS,新自由主义全球化背景下，全球城 市研究大致可以分为“控制中心” 和“网络关联”两个视角：Fried- mann等为代表的学者，从综合“控 制中心”视角，通过跨国公司总部 数量、国际机构数量、制造业规 模、交通设施等级等综合属性指标 评价城市的全球地位，以核心-边 缘、等级结构解读全球城市格局， 较 关 注 全 球 资 本 支 配 能 力 ； Sassen、Castells、GaWC为代表的 学者和机构，从单一“网络关联” 视角，基于金融、信息等生产服务 领域的总部与分支网络关系，识别 城市在全球服务网络中的集聚度和 关联度，以流动网络解读全球城市 格局，更强调全球资本服务能力。 以上两种视角较多强调顶级全球城 市的作用，契合了新自由主义全球 化的发展理念，在当时具有很强的 解释力。,在包容性全球化时代，全球化的动力 更加丰富，全球价值链的内涵更加复 杂：科技创新资源、创新活动、创新 服务的全球化正在发挥无可比拟的重 要影响力，将改变全球城市格局；智 能制造、分布式生产等现代制造方式 为先进制造环节回归大城市提供机 遇，生产呈现服务化趋势，生产网络,Against the backdrop of the neoliberalism-oriented globalization, the study about global cities are conducted mainly from two perspectives: Control Center and Network Connection. From the perspective of “Control Center”, scholars represented by Fried- mann evaluated the cities global position by means of various comprehensive attribute indicators including the quantity of head- quarters of transnational companies, the number of international organizations, the scale of the manufacturing industry and the level of trac facilities, interpreted the global city landscape based on the core-edge and hierarchical structure, and paid more atten- tion to the global capital control capacity. From the single “Net- work Connection” perspective, other scholars and institutes repre- sented by Sassen, Castells and GaWC have identied the concen- tration level and the relevance of cities in the global service network based on the connectivity between the headquarters and branch network in nance, information and other production service areas, interpreted the global city landscape based on the mobile network and placed more emphasis on the global capital service capacity. The two perspectives have largely highlighted the role of top global cities, corresponded to the development concept of the neoliberalism globalization. Therefore, they are self-explan- atory.,In the age of inclusive globalization, the globalization enjoys diversied engines and the global value chain is more sophisticat- ed. As the globalization featuring high-tech and innovative resources, activities and service is exerting its incomparable inu- ence, it will completely change the global city landscape. Smart manufacturing, the distributed production and other modern man- ufacturing methods will pose great opportunity for the advanced manufacturing activities to return to the big cities, and the produc- tion will be transformed to service. As the manufacturing network,05,与服务网络紧密结合在一起，重新定 义全球生产与服务网络中的城市角 色；基础设施联系成为稳定全球价值 链的锚，全球范围人、商品、信息等 要素的联通性决定了城市是否有机会 参与全球化进程，全球联通设施网络 成为从经济全球化中获得发展机遇的 前提。,全球创新网络、全球生产与服务网 络、全球联通设施网络三大网络共 同决定了全球城市的实力格局。同 时，随着全球城市竞争更加激烈， 共同动力协同、价值协同的趋势也 更加明显，只秉持单一的发展动力 或者只在全球价值链中某一环节具 有优势的的城市，都无法保障可持 续的竞争力和抗风险能力。城市必 须在三大网络中占据一席之地，保 持一定的活跃度，促进全球价值链 不同环节的网络相互交织，才能保 障它在全球价值链中具备领先地位 和持续的竞争力，成为全球价值活 力城市。,is closely connected with the service network, the citys role will be redened in the global production and service network. Mean- while, the connection of infrastructures will serve as the anchor to stabilize the global value chain; the connectivity of various global elements such as people, commodities and information deter- mines that whether there is possibility for the city to participate in the globalization and the global connectivity facility network has become the premise of obtaining development opportunities from the economic globalization.,The global innovation network, the global production and service network and the global connectivity facility network have jointly determined the competitiveness of the global cities. With the ever erce competition, the trend of seeking common impetus and shared value among the global cities has become more obvious. The cities cannot sustain its competitiveness and resilience if they only have a single development driver or are advantageous in only certain link of the global value chain. Only when they occupy a dominant position in the above-mentioned three major networks, maintain active and promote the interaction of dierent links of the global value chain can they maintain the leading position and sustainable competitiveness in the global value chain and become dynamic cities with global value.,