ChairmanHeizo TakenakaProfessor, Toyo UniversityProfessor Emeritus, Keio UniversityChairman, Institute for Urban Strategies, The Mori Memorial Foundation» Õ ¤ f8 G¶ ­ $/ X G¶ Ê*­ $ÿG æR N¢ tZ t t ÕHiroo IchikawaProfessor Emeritus, Meiji UniversityExecutive Director, The Mori Memorial Foundation¢ º$ÌÏ G¶ Ê*­ $ÿG æR gÄPrincipal AdvisorSir Peter Hall ¢ 1932-2014 £Professor, University College London7ôðл×ç¢ ¢ 1932-2014 £â Ç ð ³ Â § è ¿ ´éïÅï ­ $Allen J. ScottDistinguished Research Professor, University of California, Los AngelesèïJµ¯¿Ä§æÑ¥çÇ G¶ é±ï¸çµÍZ­ $Andrés Rodríguez-PoseProfessor, London School of EconomicsïÅèµéÅ段¹Ù·é ïÅ ïµ « ç¦ Ò¤¯ÊÛ«µ ­ $Heng Chye KiangLum Chang Chair Professor, National University of Singaporeb;píÓ«·µÌw yèÈ è¶Ìw yL :w s»«³á ÞwFunctionüúIndicator Group¦ ª¬çÓNo.jøIndicator¦ ªChanges to indicators in GPCI-2019 | GPCI-2019tSZ¦ ªw!Ë(17) Number of International Students was changed from Readiness for Accepting Researchers, and (28)Nightlife Options was newly introduced. ®y¶ :¯ o®Z w ! Ö 6 N¯) 8Qzt®Æ Äå Ñ Fî S¯ ýF åC(25) Art Market Environment was changed from Environment of Creative Activities. ®Ä¢ Ô¥¯x®ÂµÄw Ñ¥¯T!Ë(26) Tourist Attractions was changed from Cultural Interaction Opportunities. ® « w Fî S¯x®º ; ww îq¯T!Ë(32) Number of Hotel Rooms was changed from Number of Hotels. ®×Âçlè :¯x®×Âç ï :¯T!Ë(40) Workstyle Flexibility was changed from Employee Life Satisfaction. ® VMw J È Q¯x® HÀ»w Ƭ S¯T!Ë(66) Public Transportation Use was changed from Public Transportation Coverage and Punctuality. ®¬¦ èb;p¯x®¬¦ èw Fî Y¬¯T!Ë(68) Commuting Time was changed from Commuting Convenience. ® èÈ è¶Ìw y¯x® èÈ è¶wb( Q¯T!Ë325 Boston 44 Mexico City 18 San Francisco26 Chicago 16 Toronto48 Mumbai 11 Melbourne 19 Dubai 39 Taipei 24 Beijing 30 Shanghai 33 Dublin 40 Bangkok 35 Kuala Lumpur 32 Moscow 13 Madrid36 Milan 15 Zurich 17 Frankfurt21 Vienna28 Helsinki34 Geneva 27 Brussels 20 Copenhagen 43 Sao Paulo 41 Buenos Aires46 Cairo 42 Fukuoka 29 Osaka 23 Vancouver 37 Istanbul 38 Tel Aviv22 Barcelona14 Stockholm 12 Los Angeles 31 Washington, DC 45 Jakarta47 Johannesburg10 Sydney4118 323 4New York2292 222 12111 924 363710 1116 51313 127 2223411 534 99427 1035 1382034 165 23London1Amsterdam6Seoul7Berlin8Hong Kong9Paris4Singapore51226 1914 16Tokyo329521 1513 7T here was no change in the top 10 ranking from last years GPCI. In comparison with the top 3 cities of London, New York, and Tokyo, Paris drop in score was minimal, narrowing the gap once again between the French capital and Tokyo. Although Paris experienced a downtrend in score following the repeated terror attacks of 2015, following the 2017 confirmation as host-city of the 2024 Olympic Games, an upward trend in score is building. Among the 4 new cities added this year (Melbourne, Helsinki, Dublin, Tel Aviv), Melbourne at #11 was the highest performer.Ä ¿Ó 10 w qxb åT!=UsTlhÄ¿Ó 3tmMoxzéïÅïzÇáä«zf q z o zÍ æ w µ ¯ w ñzͲVmmK ýFt åCh 4 N ¢¢ Ý ç ØçïzÔç³ï©z¼ÒæïzÂçÏÒ£w ¤pxzÝçØçïU 11p7ôTlhExecutive Summary1 LondonAlthough London maintained its #1 position for the 8th consecutive year, results show that the citys comprehensive power has fallen. While its score continued to rise following the 2016 EU membership referendum, this year its score in Economys Worlds Top 500 Companies fell, perhaps showing the effects of turmoil surrounding Brexit negotiations. However, the city holds a top 5 position in 12 of the 16 Cultural Interaction indicators, still displaying its superior strength.éïÅïx 8 åÈ p 1¡Ëhwwz åx ïùXqbALqslh 2016 åw EUmd½ d ®µ¯ óy ø ZoMhUzÎbm d¦ ¬wè¹ÔbTwOt åx& A w® H Ä ¿ Ó 500'À¯pµ¯Xqh°Mpz=¦vx 16 ¦ ª ¤ 12w ¦ ª pÄ¿Ó5 ºt ÖloSz µqo N Hh§oM2 New YorkNew York maintains a top position in Economy and Research & Development by obtaining results with high scores in GDP, Stock Market Capitalization, and Startup Environment. The city also obtained strong results in Cultural Interaction (#2) and Accessibility (#3). However in Cultural Interaction, Number of Foreign Residents has shown a decreasing trend for the past 3 years, indicating an outflow of foreign population to other domestic and international cities.Çáä«x® GDP¯® ÂJ ¾ twÒÜÌA﹯z®µ»Ä¿Ó¥¯srw¦ ªpôM °A hALz&AqZ Cp å 1NËhhz=¦vq¦ è«·µfg 2 z 3 q ô M ° A h T z = ¦ vtSZ® E :¯xa 3 å :Un²pKqTz ºw N¢ UvZoMqUQExecutive SummaryALA425 Boston 44 Mexico City 18 San Francisco26 Chicago 16 Toronto48 Mumbai 11 Melbourne 19 Dubai 39 Taipei 24 Beijing 30 Shanghai 33 Dublin 40 Bangkok 35 Kuala Lumpur 32 Moscow 13 Madrid36 Milan 15 Zurich 17 Frankfurt21 Vienna28 Helsinki34 Geneva 27 Brussels 20 Copenhagen 43 Sao Paulo 41 Buenos Aires46 Cairo 42 Fukuoka 29 Osaka 23 Vancouver 37 Istanbul 38 Tel Aviv22 Barcelona14 Stockholm 12 Los Angeles 31 Washington, DC 45 Jakarta47 Johannesburg10 Sydney4118 323 4New York2292 222 12111 924 363710 1116 51313 127 2223411 534 99427 1035 1382034 165 23London1Amsterdam6Seoul7Berlin8Hong Kong9Paris4Singapore51226 1914 16Tokyo329521 1513 7Executive Summary3 TokyoSimilar to the top 2 cities, Tokyo also saw a decrease in comprehensive score, though it maintained its #3 position. The gap between the #4 Paris and Tokyo narrowed once again, as Paris drop in score was relatively small in comparison. Tokyos status as a balanced city is continuing to gradually strengthen, as it lacks both exceedingly strong and extremely weak functions despite being a comprehensively powerful city overall.Ä¿Ó 2 N¢q 7z fb åq zo ïùµ¯XqbALqslhU 3 x¡Ëh 4 wÍ浯XqoMUz fq zoµ¯w ñx ͲVmmKw° åw H Ø N ü&qz ¤urw Õ8=zÎU Xów$ -Èùm dð JzóÓ¢½wÅÆ srz HS| ¬&At 0oè¹w GVs ZRÄU : XKlh GPCI 2019pxfw Ø N Séb T w O t zz q Í w® GDP R Õ p ¯U :zéïÅïw® HÄ¿Ó 500' À ¯ : t Rh ¥ð Jt 0bÝUbbômmKsTz GPCI 2019p x zz $N¢ý - N¢U¥tSMoôM °A oMýht åCh 4 N ¢ w ¤ p x zÝ ç Ø ç ï U11q7ôXzÔç³ï©¢ 28 £z ¼ Ò æ ï ¢ 33 £z  ç Ï Ò ¢ 38 £q M h Ý ç Ø ç ï qÔç³ï©x¥ üúw °AUôXzÝçØçïxftCQo E üúpôM °A h° M p ¼ Ò æ ï q  ç Ï Ò x® GDP R Õp¯UôXz t¼Òæïx&A üú§qb = N¢pKqUTlhL ondon saw its comprehensive score fall after 8 years of maintaining its position alone at the top of the GPCI. Although New York, Tokyo, and Paris scores all decreased for their own individual reasons, due to the size of Tokyos fall, the gap between the Japanese capital and New York widened while the distance between Paris and Tokyo narrowed. Paris continued with forward momentum following the successful bid in 2017 to host the 2024 Olympic Games, overcoming a previous downtrend following the 2015 terror attacks. Looking back at the state of the world over the past year, a large number of challenging events have occurred or continued, such as US-China trade friction, issues surrounding the UKs withdrawal from the EU, and the Hong Kong protests. A number of potential effects have been noticed in the GPCI 2019, with Beijing and Shanghais GDP Growth Rates stagnating, and Londons number of Worlds Top 500 Companies falling. Effects on Hong Kong will likely be felt in the GPCI 2020. Regarding international activity related to the environment, a target to reduce the amount of new plastic waste in the worlds oceans to zero by 2050 was adopted at the G20 Summit which took place in June 2019, Osaka. It is clear that awareness of the challenges associated with the global environment is gradually growing stronger. In GPCI 2019, Northern European cities as well as Australian cities received high scores in Environment.Among the newly added cities to the GPCI, Melbourne scored highest at #11, followed by Helsinki (#28), Dublin (#33), and Tel Aviv (#38). Melbourne and Helsinki both achieved strong results in Environment, with Melbourne also performing well in Livability, while Dublin and Tel Aviv possess high GDP Growth Rates, with Dublin especially proving itself to be particularly specialized in Economyprehensive Rankingïùåï©ï¬6Comprehensive Ranking 9 ïùåï©ï¬Economy&AR&DZ CCultural Interaction=¦vLivability EEnvironment¥Accessibility¦ è«·µ123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748LondonNew YorkTokyoParisSingaporeAmsterdamSeoulBerlinHong KongSydneyMelbourneLos AngelesMadridStockholmZurichTorontoFrankfurtSan FranciscoDubaiCopenhagenViennaBarcelonaVancouverBeijingBostonChicagoBrusselsHelsinkiOsakaShanghaiWashington, DCMoscowDublinGenevaKuala LumpurMilanIstanbulTel AvivTaipeiBangkokBuenos AiresFukuokaSao PauloMexico CityJakartaCairoJohannesburgMumbai807.6 39 (825.0)720.1 41 (702.0)648.5 44 (604.9)630.2 42 (668.5)605.1 43 (613.5)852.0 40 (808.4)870.3 37 (911.0)874.6 38 (830.0)909.3 36 (915.4)917.9 35 (950.9)931.9951.9 34 (951.6)980.5 31 (987.3)981.8 32 (984.9)986.3 30 (999.4)1016.31018.6 33 (953.9)1022.6 27 (1063.2)1023.2 26 (1072.0)1024.5 28 (1055.5)1025.01044.3 25 (1078.0)1046.1 19 (1101.3)1047.7 20 (1100.1)1050.9 23 (1088.5)1055.9 21 (1093.3)1076.8 24 (1083.5)1085.9 17 (1125.7)1087.4 18 (1125.5)1091.6 29 (1039.9)1099.3 13 (1156.8)1100.9 15 (1140.4)1113.2 14 (1145.0)1117.3 16 (1132.9)1117.3 11 (1179.2)1125.0 22 (1088.9)1130.3 12 (1176.8)1162.11162.9 10 (1200.7)1170.4 9 (1204.9)1201.7 8 (1232.2)1205.6 7 (1237.5)1236.0 6 (1265.9)1262.9 5 (1310.6)1387.7 4 (1393.9)1422.2 3 (1462.0)1543.2 2 (1565.3)1669.1 1 (1692.3)Comprehensive RankingNumbers in are ranks and scores from the GPCI-2018 y ºw : x GPCI-2018 w qqµ¯7Comprehensive RankingRank Fluctuation 9 ïù qw! 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748GPCI-2012GPCI-2011GPCI-2010GPCI-2013GPCI-2014GPCI-2015GPCI-2016GPCI-2017GPCI-2018GPCI-2019LondonNew YorkTokyoParisSingaporeAmsterdamSeoulBerlinHong KongSydneyMelbourneLos AngelesMadridStockholmZurichTorontoFrankfurtSan FranciscoDubaiCopenhagenViennaBarcelonaVancouverBeijingBostonChicagoBrusselsHelsinkiOsakaShanghaiWashington, DCMoscowDublinGenevaKuala LumpurMilanIstanbulTel AvivTaipeiBangkokBuenos AiresFukuokaSao PauloMexico CityJakartaCairoJohannesburgMumbai8