SIWG Phase 1 Recommendations 2014.pdf
Recommendations for Updating the Technical Requirements for Inverters in Distributed Energy Resources Smart Inverter Working Group Recommendations January 2014 FILED2-07-1410:09 AMSIWG Rule 21 Recommendations for the CPUC Page i Contents1. Introduction . 7 1.1 Californias Electric Tariff Rule 21 . 7 1.2 Californias Distributed Generation Policy Goals . 8 1.3 Technical Challenges Associated with Widespread Adoption of Distributed Generation . 9 1.4 The Potential for Optimizing Distributed Generation within the Distribution System . 9 1.5 The International and California Backdrop . 11 1.5.1 European and International Efforts . 11 1.5.2 IEEE 1547 Update Status and Relationship to Rule 21 . 12 1.5.3 Californias Smart Inverter Working Group (SIWG) . 13 1.6 Implementation Road Map . 14 1.7 Proposed Phase 1: Autonomous Inverter Functionalities Recommended as Technical Operating Standards within Electric Tariff Rule 21 . 17 1.7.1 Enabling Proposed Phase 1 Autonomous Inverter Functionalities . 17 1.7.2 Defining the Potential Phase 2 Communications Standards for Smart Inverters . 19 1.7.3 Defining the Potential Phase 3 Additional Advanced Smart Inverter Functionalities . 19 2. Proposed Phase 1: Detailed Autonomous Inverter Functionalities Recommended as Technical Operating Standards within Electric Tariff Rule 21 . 21 2.1 AntiIslanding Protection . 21 2.1.1 Purpose of AntiIslanding Protection . 21 2.1.2 Current Rule 21 Requirements for AntiIslanding. 21 2.1.3 Issues with Current Rule 21 AntiIslanding Requirements . 21 2.1.4 Proposed AntiIslanding Requirements for Rule 21 . 22 2.1.5 Proposed Rule 21 Text Modifications for AntiIslanding . 22 2.1.6 Benefits of the Proposed New AntiIslanding Requirements . 22 2.2 Low/High Voltage RideThrough (L/HVRT) . 22 2.2.1 Purpose of L/HVRT . 22 2.2.2 Current Rule 21 Requirements for L/HVRT . 23 2.2.3 Issues with Current Rule 21 L/HVRT . 23 2.2.4 L/HVRT Function Concepts . 23 2.2.5 Proposed Rule 21 Default Voltage RideThrough Requirements . 24 2.2.6 Proposed Rule 21 Text Modification for L/HVRT . 26 2.2.7 Benefits of the Proposed L/HVRT Requirements . 26 2.3 Low/High Frequency RideThrough (L/HFRT) . 26 2.3.1 Purpose of L/HFRT . 26 2.3.2 Current Rule 21 Requirements for L/HFRT . 27 2.3.3 Issues with Current Rule 21 L/HFRT . 27 SIWG Rule 21 Recommendations for the CPUC Page ii 2.3.4 L/HFRT Function Concepts . 27 2.3.5 Proposed Rule 21 Default Frequency RideThrough Requirements . 29 2.3.6 Proposed Rule 21 Text Modification for L/HFRT . 30 2.3.7 Benefits of the Proposed L/HFRT Requirements . 30 2.4 Dynamic Volt/Var Operations . 31 2.4.1 Purpose of Dynamic Volt/Var Operations . 31 2.4.2 Current Rule 21 Requirements for Dynamic Volt/Var Operations . 31 2.4.3 Issues with Current Rule 21 Dynamic Volt/Var Operations . 31 2.4.4 Dynamic Volt/Var Operations Concepts . 31 2.4.5 Proposed Rule 21 Default Dynamic Volt/Var Operation Requirements . 32 2.4.6 Proposed Rule 21 Text Modification for Dynamic Volt/Var Operations . 34 2.4.7 Benefits of the Proposed Dynamic Volt/Var Operations Requirements . 35 2.5 Ramp Rates . 35 2.5.1 Purpose of Ramp Rates . 35 2.5.2 Current Rule 21 Requirements for Ramp Rates . 35 2.5.3 Issues with Current Rule 21 on Ramp Rates . 35 2.5.4 Proposed Ramp Rate Requirements . 35 2.5.5 Proposed Rule 21 Text Modification for Ramp Rates . 36 2.5.6 Benefits of the Proposed Ramp Rate Requirements . 36 2.6 Fixed Power Factor . 37 2.6.1 Purpose of Fixed Power Factor (PF). 37 2.6.2 Current Rule 21 Requirements for Fixed Power Factor . 37 2.6.3 Issues with the Current Rule 21 Requirement for Fixed Power Factor . 37 2.6.4 Fixed Power Factor Concepts . 37 2.6.5 Proposed Fixed Power Factor Requirements . 37 2.6.6 Proposed Rule 21 Text Modification . 37 2.6.7 Benefits of the Proposed Fixed Power Factor Capability . 38 2.7 Reconnect by “SoftStart” Methods . 38 2.7.1 Purpose of Reconnection by “SoftStart” Methods . 38 2.7.2 Current Rule 21 Requirements on Reconnection . 38 2.7.3 Issues with Current Rule 21 on Reconnection . 38 2.7.4 “SoftStart” Reconnection Concepts . 38 2.7.5 Proposed Rule 21 Reconnection Requirements . 39 2.7.6 Proposed Rule 21 Text Modifications for “SoftStart” Reconnection . 39 2.7.7 Benefits of the Proposed “SoftStart” Reconnection . 39 2.8 Phase 1 IDER System Parameters and Monitored Points. 39 2.8.1 Phase 1 IDER Parameters for Manufacturers . 39 2.8.2 Nameplate Information . 43 2.8.3 IDER System Monitored Points for Testing . 44 2.8.4 Default Activation States for Phase 1 Functions . 45 2.8.5 Default Prioritization of Phase 1 Functions . 45 3. Defining the Potential Phase 2 Communications Technologies for IDER Functions . 47 SIWG Rule 21 Recommendations for the CPUC Page iii 3.1 Purpose of Communications Technologies for IDER functions . 47 3.2 Current Rule 21 Requirements for Communications . 47 3.3 Problems Created by the Absence of a Statewide Communication Standard for DER Systems . 48 3.4 Communications Concepts and Issues . 48 3.4.1 Hierarchical Models of DER System Configurations . 48 3.4.2 Communications Alternatives . 52 3.5 Proposed Communications Requirements for Rule 21 . 53 3.6 Benefits of Communications with IDER Systems . 54 4. Defining the Potential Phase 3 Additional Advanced Inverter Functionalities . 55 4.1 Purpose of the Additional Advanced Inverter Functionalities . 55 4.2 Early Definition of Advanced Inverter Functionalities for Rule 21 . 55 4.3 Benefits of the Additional Advanced Inverter Functionalities . 57 5. Proposed Test Plan for Smart IDER Systems . 58 5.1.1 Scope and Purpose . 58 5.1.2 Types of Tests . 58 5.1.3 Sources of Testing Requirements . 59 5.2 Implementation Procedures . 59 5.2.1 UL Certification for Pilot and for Commercial IDER Systems . 59 5.2.2 Permissive Implementation Schedules . 60 5.2.3 Staggered Test groups . 60 5.3 Schedules for Permissive Implementations of Staggered Testing of Smart IDER Functions . 61 5.3.1 Gantt Chart of Testing and Implementation Schedules . 63 5.3.2 CPUCRelated Tasks: Review, Comment, and Update CPUC OnRecord Documents . 64 5.3.3 Upcoming Smart Inverter Working Group (SIWG) Tasks . 65 5.3.4 Test group A Phase 1 Autonomous Functions for Larger IDER Systems . 66 5.3.5 Test group B Phase 1 Autonomous Functions for Smaller IDER Systems. 66 5.3.6 Test group C Phase 2 Communications Capabilities for IDER Systems . 67 5.3.7 Test group D Phase 3 Additional IDER Functions . 68 6. Proposed Milestones . 70 7. Conclusion . 71 A. Appendix A: Chart of Mandatory, Recommended, Optional IDER Functions . 72 A.1 Phase 1: Key Autonomous IDER Functions . 72 A.2 Phase 2: Communications Technologies for IDER Functions . 75 A.3 Phase 3: IDER Functions Requiring Communications . 76 A.4 Phase 3: Additional Autonomous IDER Functions . 79 A.5 Optional IDER Functions . 81 SIWG Rule 21 Recommendations for the CPUC Page iv B. Appendix B: Definitions of Terms and Acronyms . 84 C. Appendix C: Smart Inverter Working Group Participants . 87 SIWG Rule 21 Recommendations for the CPUC Page v Figures Figure 1: Must disconnect and must remain connected zones . 24 Figure 2: Graph of default voltage ridethrough settings (see table for actual settings) . 26 Figure 3: NERCs Graph of OffNominal Frequency Curves for Different Interconnections . 28 Figure 4: Graph of default frequency parameters (see tables for detailed settings and ranges) . 30 Figure 5: Example settings of volt/var mode using available vars and a deadband around the nominal voltage (P2P3) . 32 Figure 6: Example of volt/var curve with hysteresis, with arrows indicating direction of voltage changes . 32 Figure 7: PQ capability curve (P: real power; Q: reactive power; S: apparent power) . 33 Figure 8: 5 Levels of the Hierarchical DER System Architecture Showing Communications Protocols . 50 Figure 9: Communication layers, possible communications protocols choices, and an example of a communications gateway for translating protocols . 53 Figure 10: Staggered T