i U.S. ENERGY AND EMPLOYMENT REPORT 2019 ii U.S. ENERGY AND EMPLOYMENT REPORT 2019 Acknowledgements & Appreciation The 2019 U.S. Energy and Employment Report was produced with the generous suport of the folowing states, organizations and foundations. California Energy Commision Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Masachusets Clean Energy Center Minesota Department of Commerce and Department of Employment and Economic Development New York State Energy Research and Development Authority Rhode Island Ofice of Energy Resources Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation Ofice of Energy Programs Wisconsin Ofice of Energy Inovation Vermont Clean Energy Development Fund Advanced Energy Economy Clean Energy Trust Energy Foundation Energy Storage Association E4TheFuture Energy Futures Initiative E2 (Environmental Entrepreneurs) The Wiliam and Flora Hewlett Foundation The JPB Foundation McKnight Foundation Nathan Cumings Foundation National Asociation of State Energy Officials Nuclear Energy Institute The Solar Foundation Peer review of the report and the underlying methodology was performed by: Dr. James Baret, Visiting Fellow, American Council for an Energy Eficient Economy Dr. Joel Yudken, Principal, High Road Strategies, LLC Data colection and research was managed by BW Research Partnership Editing and design services were provided by MG Strategy & Design iii U.S. ENERGY AND EMPLOYMENT REPORT 2019 About This work was prepared under a Memorandum of Understanding between the Energy Futures Initiative (EFI) and the National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO) and a contract between EFI and BW Research Partnership. The survey instrument and underlying methodology is identical to that used in the primary data collected on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy (OMB Control No. 1910-5179) for the 2017 U.S. Energy and Employent Report and secondary data from the United States Department of Labors Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages for the second quarter of 2018. Neither EFI nor NASEO, nor any of their employes, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees makes any warranty, express or implied, or asumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or any third partys use or the results of such use of any information, aparatus, product, or proces disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Report Inquiries For inquiries regarding this report, please contact: David Elis Director, Comunications and Policy Strategy Energy Futures Initiative Ddelisenergyfuturesinitiative 202-770-8804 (Cell) 202-688-0042 (0ffice) energyfuturesinitiative Sandy Fazeli Managing Director National Asociation of State Energy Officials sfazelinaseo 703-299-8800 x 117 naseo iv U.S. ENERGY AND EMPLOYMENT REPORT 2019 Additional Analysis + Reports The USEER data base includes detailed data for the 53 separate technologies that comprise the five surveyed sectors. Each of these technologies is, in turn, divided into as many as seven industrial classifications. As a result, the USEER data base can provide an in-depth view of the hiring dificulty, in-demand occupations, and demographic composition of very specific portions of the energy and energy efficiency workforce in each state or in specific counties and, in some cases, portions of counties. In addition, the USEER data base can provide year-to-year comparisons in specific sectors, technologies, and industrial classifications at the state and county level. For information about aditional analysis and reports, please contact: Energy Futures Initiative: Jeanette Pablo General Counsel and Senior Asociate Tel: 202-688-0048 Email: JMPabloEnergyFuturesInitiative National Association of State Energy Officials: Sandy Fazeli Managing Director Tel: 703-299-8800 x 117 Email: SFazeliNASEO v U.S. ENERGY AND EMPLOYMENT REPORT 2019 Table of Contents Sumary . 1 Fuels . 14 Petroleum Fuels . 27 Coal Fuels . 30 Natural Gas Fuels . 33 Nuclear Fuels . 36 Corn Ethanol Fuels . 38 Other Ethanol and Non-Woody Biomas Fuels . 41 Woody Biomas Fuels for Energy and Celulosic Fuels . 44 Other Fuels . 46 Electric Power Generation . 49 Solar Electric Power Generation . 63 Wind Electric Power Generation . 68 Combined Heat and Power Generation . 71 Hydroelectric Power Generation . 74 Coal Electric Power Generation . 7 Natural Gas Electric Power Generation . 80 Nuclear Electric Power Generation . 83 Oil Electric Power Generation . 86 Biomas Electric Power Generation . 89 Other Electric Power Generation . 92 Electric Power Generation and Fuels Employment Crosscut . 95 Transmision, Distribution, and Storage . 97 Natural Gas Industry Croscut . 114 Coal Industry Croscut . 118 Petroleum Industry Croscut . 121 Nuclear Industry Croscut . 124 Storage Industry Crosscut . 126 Energy Efficiency . 128 Motor Vehicles & Component Parts . 144 vi U.S. ENERGY AND EMPLOYMENT REPORT 2019 List of Figures Figure 1. Fuels Sector Employment by Industry, 2017-2018 . 16 Figure 2. Fuels Sector Employment by Detailed Technology Aplication, 2017-2018 . 16 Figure 3. Fuels Sector Employment by Industry, Q2 2018 . 20 Figure 4. Fuels Sector Employment by Detailed Technology Aplication, 2017-2018 . 21 Figure 5. Fuels Sector Expected Employment Growth by Industry (Q4 2018 Q4 2019 . 22 Figure 6. Fuels Sector Expected Employment Growth by Detailed Technology (Q4 2018 - Q4 2019) . 22 Figure 7. Fuels Sector Occupational Distribution, Q4 2018 . 23 Figure 8. Fuels Sector Hiring Dificulty by Industry, Q4 2018 . 24 Figure 9. Petroleum Fuels Employment by Industry . 27 Figure 10. Petroleum Fuels Hiring Dificulty by Industry . 28 Figure 1. Petroleum Fuels Expected Employment Growth by Industry . 28 Figure 12. Coal Fuels Employment by Industry . 30 Figure 13. Coal Fuels Hiring Dificulty by Industry . 31 Figure 14. Coal Fuels Expected Employment Growth by Industry . 31 Figure 15. Natural Gas Fuels Employment by Industry . 33 Figure 16. Natural Gas Fuels Hiring Dificulty by Industry . 34 Figure 17. Natural Gas Fuels Expected Employment Growth by Industry . 34 Figure 18. Nuclear Fuels Employment by Industry . 36 Figure 19. Corn Ethanol Fuels Employment by Industry . 38 Figure 20. Corn Ethanol Fuels Hiring Dificulty by Industry . 39 Figure 21. Corn Ethanol Fuels Expected Employment Growth by Industry . 39 vii U.S. ENERGY AND EMPLOYMENT REPORT 2019 Figure 2. Other Ethanol and Non-Woody Biomas Fuels (Including Biodiesel) Employment by Industry . 41 Figure 23. Other Ethanol and Non-Woody Biomas Fuels (Including Biodiesel) Expected Employment Growth by Industry . 42 Figure 24. Woody Biomas Fuel for Energy and Celulosic Biofuel Employment by Industry 44 Figure 25. Other Fuels Employment by Industry . 46 Figure 26. Other Fuels Hiring Dificulty by Industry . 47 Figure 27. Other Fuels Expected Employment Growth by Industry . 47 Figure 28. Electric Power Generation Sector Employment by Industry, 2017-2018 . 51 Figure 29. Electric Power Generation Sector Employment by Detailed Technology Application, 2017-2018 . 51 Figure 30. Electric Power Generation Sector Employment by Detailed Technology Application, 2017-2018 . 51 Figure 31. Change in Net Generation of Electricity by Energy Source (Thousand MWh), 206-2018 . 56 Figure 32. Electric Power Generation Sector Employment by Industry, Q2 2018 . 57 Figure 3. Electric Power Generation Sector Employment by Detailed Technology Application, 2017-2018 . 58 Figure 34. Electric Power Generation Sector Employment by Detailed Technology Application, 2017-2018 . 58 Figure 35. Electric Power Generation Sector Occupational Distribution, Q4 2018 . 59 Figure 36. Electric Power Generation Sector Expected Employment Growth by Industry (Q4 2018 Q4 2019) . 59 Figure 37. Electric Power Generation Sector Hiring Dificulty by Industry, Q4 2018 . 60 Figure 38. Solar Electric Power Generation Employment by Industry . 64 Figure 39. Majority-Time Solar Employees by Type of Project 2018 . 64 Figure 40. Estimated Percentage of Solar Generation Installed . 64 Figure 41. Solar Electric Power Generation Hiring Dificulty by Industry . 65 Figure 42. Solar Electric Power Generation Expected Employment Growth by Industry . 66 Figure 43. Wind Electric Power Generation Employment by Industry Sector . 68 vii U.S. ENERGY AND EMPLOYMENT REPORT 2019 Figure 4. Wind Electric Power Generation Hiring Dificulty by Industry . 69 Figure 45. Wind Electric Power Generation Expected Employment Growth by Industry . 69 Figure 46. Combined Heat and Power Generation Employment by Industry . 71 Figure 47. Combined Heat and Power Generation Hiring Dificulty by Industry . 72 Figure 48. Combined Heat and Power Generation Expected Employment Growth by Industry . 72 Figure 49. Hydroelectric Power Generation Employment by Industry . 74 Figure 50. Hydroelectric Power Generation Hiring Dificulty by Industry . 75 Figure 51. Hydroelectric Power Generation Expected Employment Growth by Industry . 75 Figure 52. Coal Electric Power Generation Employment by Industry . 77 Figure 53. Coal Electric Power Generation Hiring Dificulty by Industry . 78 Figure 54. Coal Electric Power Generation Expected Employment Growth by Industry . 78 Figure 5. Natural Gas Electric Power Generation Employment by Industry . 80 Figure 56. Natural Gas Electric Power Generation Hiring Dificulty by Industry . 81 Figure 57. Natural Gas Electric Power Gene