选票还是子弹 (Malcolm:TheBallotortheBullet) WORD 版 【本文为 word 版，下载后可修改、打印，如对您有所帮助，请购买，谢谢。 】 第 1 页 选票还是子弹(Malcolm:TheBallotortheBullet) 英语演讲稿 马尔科姆 ·艾克斯于 1925 年出生在美国内布拉斯加州东部的奥马哈市，少年时期是个不学无术的街头混混，贩毒、吸毒、滥交、抢劫、杀人几乎无恶不作。终于自食恶果，被抓入监狱。入狱后，他居然从看字典开始，学习了世界历史，哲学，政治，自然科学等方面的知识，并参加了黑色穆斯林组织。出狱后，他投身黑人运动，成为声望仅次于马丁 ·路德 ·金的黑人运动领袖。 马尔科姆原是穆斯林组织 “伊斯兰民族 ”的头领，他到处发表演讲，强调族裔对立，把什么事都往种族冲突上拉，煽动黑人对白人的仇恨。到后来他醒悟、放弃暴力、并和腐败的教主进行抗衡，不再强调仇恨；而是追求黑人和白人之间的沟通、理解、博爱，但却遭到自己原先效忠的组织的暗杀。宗教带给他强大的力量，他所表现出的永远是那么坚强、自信；他的言行举止永远显示出他的火一般的激情和永不言败的信念。他的生命充满了斗争与愤怒，但同时又涌动着热情与博爱。马尔科姆总能够用犀利的语言，针针见血地击中问题的要害。 此篇演讲发表于 1964年 4 月 3 日 ，此前的 1964年 3 月，马尔科姆与极端派的黑色穆斯林组织 “伊斯兰民族 ”决裂。此演讲发表后短短 10选票还是子弹 (Malcolm:TheBallotortheBullet) WORD 版 【本文为 word 版，下载后可修改、打印，如对您有所帮助，请购买，谢谢。 】 第 2 页 个月的 1965 年 2月 21 日，在曼哈顿奥特朋舞厅的一个报告会上， “伊斯兰民族 ”组织派出的三名歹徒连开 15 枪残忍地杀害了马尔科姆。 Itllbethetheballotoritllbethebullet.Itllbelibertyoritllbedeath.Andifyourenotreadytopaythatpricedontusethewordfreedominyourvocabulary. 是选票还 是子弹。是自由还是死亡。如果你还没有准备付出代价，那么就请不要说什么自由。 演讲全文： TheBallotortheBullet/MalcolmX Mr.Moderator,ReverendCleage,BrotherLomax,brothersandsisters,andfriendsandIseesomeenemies.Infact,Ithinkwedbefoolingourselvesifwehadanaudiencethislargeanddidntrealizethatthereweresomeenemiespresent. Thisafternoonwewanttotalkabouttheballotorthebullet.Theballotorthebulletexplainsitself.Butbeforewegetintoit,sincethisistheyearoftheballotorthebullet,Iwouldliketoclarifysomethingsthatrefertomepersonally-concerningmyownpersonalposition. I''''mstillaMuslim.Thatis,myreligionisstillIslam.MyreligionisstillIslam.IstillcreditMr.MohammedforwhatIknowandwhatIam.Hestheonewhoopenedmyeyes.Atpresent,I''''mtheMinisterofthenewlyfoundedMuslimMosque,IncorporatedwhichhasitsofficesintheTeresaHotel,rightintheheartofHarlem-thatstheblackbeltinNewYorkcity.AndwhenwerealizethatAdamClaytonPowellisaChristianminister,hesthe-heheadsAbyssinianBaptistChurch,butatthesametime,hesmorefamousforhispoliticalstruggling. 选票还是子弹 (Malcolm:TheBallotortheBullet) WORD 版 【本文为 word 版，下载后可修改、打印，如对您有所帮助，请购买，谢谢。 】 第 3 页 AndDr.KingisaChristianMinister,inAtlantaorfromAtlantaGeorgia-orinAtlanta,Georgia,buthesbecomemorefamousforbeinginvolvedinthecivilrightsstruggle.TheresanotherinNewYork,ReverendGalamison-IdontknowifyouveheardofhimoutherehesaChristianMinisterfromBrooklyn,buthasbecomefamousforhisfightagainstasegregatedschoolsysteminBrooklyn.ReverendClee,righthere,isaChristianMinister,hereinDetroit.Hestheheadofthe“FreedomNowParty.” AlloftheseareChristianMinisters-AlloftheseareChristianMinisters,buttheydontcometousasChristianMinisters.Theycometousasfightersinsomeothercategory. ImaMuslimminister-thesameastheyareChristianMinisters-ImaMuslimminister.AndIdontbelieveinfightingtodayinanyonefront,butonallfronts. Infact,ImablackNationalistFreedomFighter. Islamismyreligion,butIbelievemyreligionismypersonalbusiness.Itgovernsmypersonallife,mypersonalmorals.AndmyreligiousphilosophyispersonalbetweenmeandtheGodinwhomIbelieve;justasthereligiousphilosophyoftheseothersisbetweenthemandtheGodinwhomtheybelieve. Andthisisbestthisway.Werewetocomeoutherediscussingreligion,wedhavetoomanydifferencesfromtheoutstartandwecouldnevergettogether.Sotoday,thoughIslamismyreligiousphilosophy,mypolitical,economic,andsocialphilosophyisBlackNationalism.YouandI-AsIsay,ifwebringupreligionwellhave选票还是子弹 (Malcolm:TheBallotortheBullet) WORD 版 【本文为 word 版，下载后可修改、打印，如对您有所帮助，请购买，谢谢。 】 第 4 页 differences;wellhavearguments;andwellneverbeabletogettogether.Butifwekeepourreligionathome,keepourreligioninthecloset,keepourreligionbetweenourselvesandourGod,butwhenwecomeouthere,wehaveafightthatscommontoallofusagainstasicenemywhoiscommontoallofus. ThepoliticalphilosophyofBlackNationalismonlymeansthattheblackmanshouldcontrolthepoliticsandthepoliticiansinhisowncommunity.The-Thetime-Thetimewhenwhitepeoplecancomeinourcommunityandgetustovoteforthemsothattheycanbeourpoliticalleadersandtelluswhattodoandwhatnottodoislonggone. Bythesametoken,thetimewhenthatsamewhiteman,knowingthatyoureyesaretoofaropen,cansendanothernegrointothecommunityandgetyouandmetosupporthimsohecanusehimtoleadusastray-thosedaysarelonggonetoo. ThepoliticalphilosophyofBlackNationalismonlymeansthatifyouandIaregoingtoliveinaBlackcommunity-andthatswhereweregoingtolive,causeassoonasyoumoveintooneoftheir-soonasyoumoveoutoftheBlackcommunityintotheircommunity,itsmixedforaperiodoftime,buttheyregoneandyourerightthereallbyyourselfagain. Wemust-Wemustunderstandthepoliticsofourcommunityandwemustknowwhatpoliticsissupposedtoproduce.Wemustknowwhatpartpoliticsplayinourlives.Anduntilwebecomepoliticallymaturewewillalwaysbemislead,leadastray,ordeceivedormaneuveredintosupportingsomeonepoliticallywhod选票还是子弹 (Malcolm:TheBallotortheBullet) WORD 版 【本文为 word 版，下载后可修改、打印，如对您有所帮助，请购买，谢谢。 】 第 5 页 oesnthavethegoodofourcommunityatheart. SothepoliticalphilosophyofBlackNationalismonlymeansthatwewillhavetocarryonaprogram,apoliticalprogram,ofre-educationtoopenourpeopleseyes,makeusbecomemorepoliticallyconscious,politicallymature,andthenwewill-wheneverwegetreadytocastourballotthatballot,willbecastforamanofthecommunitywhohasthegoodofthecommunityofheart. TheeconomicphilosophyofBlackNationalismonlymeansthatweshouldownandoperateandcontroltheeconomyofourcommunity.Youwouldneverfound-youcantopenupablackstoreinawhitecommunity.Whitemenwontevenpatronizeyou.Andhesnotwrong.Hesgotsenseenoughtolookoutforhimself.Youtheonewhodonthavesenseenoughtolookoutforyourself. Thewhiteman-Thewhitemanistoointelligenttoletsomeoneelsecomeandgaincontroloftheeconomyofhiscommunity.Butyouwillletanyonecomeinandtakecontroloftheeconomyofyourcommunity,controlthehousing,controltheeducation,controlthejobs,controlthebusinesses,underthepre-textthatyouwanttointegrate.No,yououttayourmind. Thepolitical,theeconomicphilosophyofBlackNationalismonlymeansthatwehavetobecomeinvolvedinaprogramofreeducationtoeducateourpeopleintotheimportanceofknowingthatwhenyouspendyourdollaroutofthecommunityinwhichyoulive,thecommunityinwhichyouspendyourmoneybecomesricherandricher;thecommunityoutwhichyoutakeyourmoneybecomespo选票还是子弹 (Malcolm:TheBallotortheBullet) WORD 版 【本文为 word 版，下载后可修改、打印，如对您有所帮助，请购买，谢谢。 】 第 6 页 orerandpoorer. AndbecausetheseNegroes,whohavebeenmislead,misguided,arebreakingtheirneckstotaketheirmoneyandspenditwithTheMan,TheManisbecomingricherandricher,andyourebecomingpoorerandpoorer.Andthenwhathappens?Thecommunityinwhichyoulivebecomesaslum.Itbecomesaghetto.Theconditionsbecomerundown.Andthenyouhavetheaudacitytocomplainaboutpoorhousinginarun-downcommunity.Whyyourunitdownyourselfwhenyoutakeyourdollarout. AndyouandIareinthedouble-track,becausenotonlydowelosebytakingourmoneysomeplaceelseandspendingit,whenwetryandspenditinourowncommunityweretrappedbecausewehaventhadsenseenoughtosetupstoresandcontrolthebusinessesofourowncommunity.Themanwhoscontrollingthestoresinourcommunityisamanwhodoesntlooklikewedo.Hesamanwhodoesntevenliveinthecommunity.SoyouandI,evenwhenwetrytospendourmoneyintheblockwhereweliveortheareawherewelive,werespendingitwithamanwho,whenthesungoesdown,takesthatbasketfullofmoneyinanotherpartofthetown. Soweretrapped,trapped,double-trapped,triple-rapped.Anywherewegowefindthatweretrapped.Andeverykindofsolutionthatsomeonecomesupwithisjustanothertrap.ButthepoliticalandeconomicphilosophyofBlackNationalism-theeconomicphilosophyofBlackNationalismshowsourpeopletheim选票还是子弹 (Malcolm:TheBallotortheBullet) WORD 版 【本文为 word 版，下载后可修改、打印，如对您有所帮助，请购买，谢谢。 】 第 7 页 portanceofsettinguptheselittlestoresanddevelopingthemandexpandingthemintolargeroperations.Woolworthdidntstartoutbigliketheyaretoday.Theystartedoutwithadimestoreandexpandedandexpandedandthenexpandeduntiltoday,theyrearealloverthecountryandallovertheworld,andtheygettosomeofeverybodysmoney. NowthisiswhatyouandI-GeneralMotorsissameway.Theydidntstartoutliketheyitis.Itstartedoutjustalittleratracetypeoperation.Anditexpandedanditexpandeduntiltodaywhereitisrightnow.AndyouandIhavetomakeastartandthebestplacetostartisrightinthecommunitywherewelive. Soourpeoplenotonlyhavetobereeducatedtotheimportanceofsupportingblackbusiness,buttheblackmanhimselfhastobemadeawareoftheimportanceofgoingintobusiness.AndonceyouandIgointobusiness,weownandoperateatleastthebusinessesinourcommunity.Whatwewillbedoingisdevelopingasituationwhereinwewillactuallybeabletocreateemploymentforthepeopleinthecommunity.Andonceyoucancreatesomeemploymentinthecommunitywhereyouliveitwilleliminatethenecessityofyouandmehavingtoactignorantlyanddisgracefully,boycottingandpicketingsomepracticesomeplaceelsetryingtobeghimforajob. Anytimeyouhavetorelyuponyourenemyforajob-youreinbadshape.Whenyouhave-heisyourenemy.Letmetellyou,youwouldntbeinthiscountryifsomeenemyhadntkidnappedyouandbroughtyouhere. 选票还是子弹 (Malcolm:TheBallotortheBullet) WORD 版 【本文为 word 版，下载后可修改、打印，如对您有所帮助，请购买，谢谢。 】 第 8 页 Ontheotherhand,someofyouthinkyoucamehereontheMayflower. Soasyoucanseebrothersandsisters,today-thisafternoon,itisnotourintentiontodiscussreligion.Weregoingtoforgetreligion.Ifwebringupreligion,wellbeinanargument,andthebestwaytokeepawayfromargumentsanddifferences-asIsaidearlier-putyourreligionathome-inthecloset. KeepitbetweenyouandyourGod. Becauseifithasntdoneanythingmoreforyouthanithas,youneedtoforgetitanyway. Whetheryouare-WhetheryouareaChristian,oraMuslim,oraNationalist,weallhavethesameproblem.TheydonthangyoubecauseyoureaBaptist;theyhangyou''''causeyoureblack.TheydontattackmebecauseImaMuslim;theyattackme''''causeImblack.Theyattackallofusforthesamereason;allofuscatchhellfromthesameenemy.Wereallinthesamebag,inthesameboat.Wesufferpoliticaloppression,economicexploitation,andsocialdegradation-allofthemfromthesameenemy.Thegovernmenthasfailedus;youcantdenythat.Anytimeyouliveinthetwentiethcentury,1964,andyouwalkin''''aroundheresinging“WeShallOvercome,”thegovernmenthasfailedus. Thisispartofwhatswrongwithyou-youdotoomuchsinging.Todayitstimetostopsingingandstartswinging.Youcantsinguponfreedom,butyoucanswinguponsomefreedom.CassiusClaycansing,butsingingdidnthelphimtobecometheheavy-weightchampionoftheworld-swinginghelpedhimbecometheh选票还是子弹 (Malcolm:TheBallotortheBullet) WORD 版 【本文为 word 版，下载后可修改、打印，如对您有所帮助，请购买，谢谢。 】 第 9 页 eavy-weightchampion.Thisgovernmenthasfailedus;thegovernmentitselfhasfailedus,andthewhiteliberalswhohavebeenposingasourfriendshavefailedus. Andonceweseethatalltheseothersourcestowhichweveturnedhavefailed,westopturningtothemandturntoourselves.Weneedaselfhelpprogram,ado-it-yourselfphilosophy,ado-it-right-nowphilosophy,aits-already-too-latephilosophy.ThisiswhatyouandIneedtogetwith,andtheonlytime-theonlywaywearegoingtosolveourproblemiswithaself-helpprogram.Beforewecangetaself-helpprogramstartedwehavetohaveaself-helpphilosophy. Blacknationalismisaself-helpphilosophy.What''''sissogoodaboutit?Youcanstayrightinthechurchwhereyouareandstilltakeblacknationalismasyourphilosophy.Youcanstayinanykindofcivicorganizationthatyoubelongtoandstilltakeblacknationalismasyourphilosophy.Youcanbeanatheistandstilltakeblacknationalismasyourphilosophy.Thisisaphilosophythateliminatesthenecessityfordivisionandargument.''''Causeifyouareblackyoushouldbethinkingblack,andifyouareblackandyounotthinkingblackatthislatedate,wellImsorryforyou. Onceyouchangeyourphilosophy,youchangeyourthoughtpattern.Onceyouchangeyourthoughtpattern,youchangeyour-yourattitude.Onceyouchangeyourattitude,itchangesyourbehaviorpatternandthenyougoonintosomeaction.Aslongasyougottasit-downphilosophy,youllhaveasit-downthoughtp选票还是子弹 (Malcolm:TheBallotortheBullet) WORD 版 【本文为 word 版，下载后可修改、打印，如对您有所帮助，请购买，谢谢。 】 第 10 页 attern,andaslongasyouthinkthatoldsit-downthoughtyoullbeinsomekindofsit-downaction.Theyllhaveyousittingineverywhere.Itsnotsogoodtorefertowhatyouregoingtodoasasit-in.Thatrighttherecastratesyou.Rightthereitbringsyoudown.What-Whatgoeswithit?What-Thinkoftheimageofsomeonesitting.Anoldwomancansit.Anoldmancansit.Achumpcansit.Acowardcansit.Anythingcansit.WellyouandIbeensittinglongenough,anditstimetodayforustostartdoingsomestanding,andsomefightingtobackthatup. Whenwelooklike-atotherpartsofthisearthuponwhichwelive,wefindthatblack,brown,red,andyellowpeopleinAfricaandAsiaaregettingtheirindependence.Theyrenotgettingitbysinging“WeShallOvercome.”No,theyregettingitthroughnationalism.ItisnationalismthatbroughtabouttheindependenceofthepeopleinAsia.EverynationinAsiagaineditsindependencethroughthephilosophyofnationalism.EverynationontheAfricancontinentthathasgottenitsindependencebroughtitaboutthroughthephilosophyofnationalism.Anditwilltakeblacknationalism-thattobringaboutthefreedomof22millionAfro-Americanshereinthiscountrywherewehavesufferedcolonialismforthepast400years. AmericaisjustasmuchacolonialpowerasEnglandeverwas.AmericaisjustasmuchacolonialpowerasFranceeverwas.Infact,Americaismoresoacolonialpowerthantheybecauseshesahypocriticalcolonialpowerbehindit. Whatis20th-What-Whatdoyoucallsecondclasscitizenship?Why,thatscol