TRAVEL often being major centres of high value-added economic activities. For instance, Shanghai, Beijing, Paris and New York rank among the five largest cities by volume of Travel & Tourism GDP generated, but the sector generates less than 8% of total city GDP. While the scale of the financial & business services sector in these cities combined with a substantial public sector presence attracts significant business travellers, the Travel & Tourism GDP generated by these visitors is lower than the other output generated by these sectors. Within the largest city classification, both Dubai (9th) and Bangkok (10th) have unusually high direct Travel & Tourism GDP contribution relative to other activity, at 10.1% and 10.0% total city GDP respectively. Still, this share is lower than in some of the cities with more of a reliance on leisure travellers. *Source: Tourism Economics *Source: Tourism Economics CITY TRAVEL & TOURISM IMPACT 2018 | 9 8 | WORLD TRAVEL & TOURISM COUNCIL1.4 LEISURE CITIES CITIES COMPARED TO COUNTRIES The importance of a city as a tourism destination can be showcased by comparing the direct contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP of that city with that of the wider country. The graph below ranks cities by the percentage point difference between the city and country GDP contribution. All but two (Dubai and Cape Town) ranked in the top ten of city tourism intensity are leisure cities. Of the 72 cities in the study, 50 make a larger direct contribution to total GDP from Travel & Tourism, compared to their national average. The highest relative contributions are in Cancún and Orlando in 2017, with direct Travel & Tourism contributions to the wider economy more than seven times higher than their respective country contribution. While on the whole, leisure cities are more likely to be reliant on Travel & Tourism than other cities, Dubrovnik is an exception. Dubrovnik is a large leisure destination but only one of one of several large tourism destinations within Cro-atia where Travel & Tourism plays a significant role in the economy of the coun-try. FIGURE 8: CITIES WITH LOW RELATIVE TOURISM INTENSITY, 2017* In contrast, city destinations with a low intensity of Travel & Tourism activity are largely business travel destinations with a high dependence on activity from other sectors. London, Madrid, Los Angeles, Abu Dhabi and Lisbon are all examples of such cities. Low Travel & Tourism intensity relative to the country also emerges in countries which have other larger tourism destinations. For example, Madrid, Seville and Lisbon are affected by the high concentration of leisure tourism in the Algarve and Costa Brava while Manila is affected by destinations such as Boracay. Lagos has the greatest reliance on business tourism spending (71%), followed by Stockholm, Riyadh and Cape Town. In Europe, both Amsterdam and Brussels also have relatively high shares.FIGURE 6: LEISURE CITIES: TOURISM MARKET SIZE & GDP CONTRIBUTION, 2017*City tourism GDP % total city GDP City tourism GDP, US$ bn FIGURE 7: CITIES WITH HIGH RELATIVE TOURISM INTENSITY, 2017* FIGURE 9: RELIANCE ON BUSINESS TOURISM SPENDING, 2017* Business spend % of total Tourism GDP % total GDP by city and country Cancún 49.6 7.1 Marrakech 30.2 8.2 2.6 Orlando 18.7 2.6 Las Vegas 16.7 3.8 Antalya 17.6 10.9 Dubrovnik 17.4 2.6 Miami 8.8 5.5 Venice 11.4 5.1 Dubai 10.1 2.9 Cape Town 7.9 Tourism GDP % total GDP by city and country Manila 3.9 8.7 Cairo 2.7 5.6 5.4 Madrid 2.8 5.1 Abu Dhabi 2.8 3.7 London 2.0 3.4 Riyadh 2.3 6.8 Lisbon 5.7 2.6 Los Angeles 1.6 2.9 Brasilia 2.1 5.4 Seville 4.8 Lagos 71.1% Stockholm 68.9% Riyadh 52.8% Cape Town 52.7% Toronto 49.4% Jakarta 46.6% Amsterdam 45.5% Kuala Lumpur 44.3% Singapore 43.2% Vancouver 42.6% Brussels 40.7% Buenos Aires 39.4% Warsaw 38.1% Durban 36.7% Beijing 35.8% City Tourism GDP Country Tourism GDP City Tourism GDP Country Tourism GDP *Source: Tourism Economics *Source: Tourism Economics CITY TRAVEL & TOURISM IMPACT 2018 | 11 10 | WORLD TRAVEL & TOURISM COUNCIL