中国主要城市道路网密度监测报告2018年度目录主要城市路网密度详情直辖市········································································· 14计划单列市································································· 18省会城市····································································· 233引言背景·············································································· 4密度要求解读····························································· 4城市选取······································································ 5名词解释及计算方法················································· 51总体情况中国主要城市路网总体密度····································· 8主要城市行政区路网密度········································· 9城市形态与路网密度关系分析································ 11城市规模与路网密度关系分析································ 1221城市索引直辖市北京···················································································································· 14上海···················································································································· 15天津···················································································································· 16重庆···················································································································· 17计划单列市大连···················································································································· 18青岛···················································································································· 19宁波···················································································································· 20厦门···················································································································· 21深圳···················································································································· 22省会城市石家庄················································································································ 23太原···················································································································· 24呼和浩特············································································································· 25沈阳···················································································································· 26长春···················································································································· 27哈尔滨················································································································ 28南京···················································································································· 29杭州···················································································································· 30合肥···················································································································· 31福州···················································································································· 32南昌···················································································································· 33济南···················································································································· 34郑州···················································································································· 35武汉···················································································································· 36长沙···················································································································· 37广州···················································································································· 38南宁···················································································································· 39海口···················································································································· 40成都···················································································································· 41贵阳···················································································································· 42昆明···················································································································· 43拉萨···················································································································· 44西安···················································································································· 45兰州···················································································································· 46银川···················································································································· 47西宁···················································································································· 48乌鲁木齐············································································································· 4921 引 言32016年2月，中共中央、国务院发布关于进一步加强城市规划建设管理工作的若干意见，意见中指出：以平均街区宽度作为指标对意见中的路网密度要求进行直观解释：null 4km/km2的道路网密度，折算为平均街区的尺度相当于街区宽度为500mnull 6km/km2的道路网密度，折算为平均街区的尺度相当于街区宽度为330mnull 8km/km2的道路网密度，折算为平均街区的尺度相当于街区宽度为250m 街区宽度500 m4 km/km2街区密度街区宽度250 m8 km/km2街区密度街区宽度330 m6 km/km2街区密度道路街区2020年目标引言INTRODUCTION1优化街区路网结构。加强街区的规划和建设，分梯级明确新建街区面积，推动发展开放便捷、尺度适宜、配套完善、邻里和谐的生活街区。新建住宅要推广街区制，原则上不再建设封闭住宅小区。已建成的住宅小区和单位大院要逐步打开，实现内部道路公共化，解决交通路网布局问题，促进土地节约利用。树立“窄马路、密路网”的城市道路布局理念，建设快速路、主次干路和支路级配合理的道路网系统。打通各类“断头路”，形成完整路网，提高道路通达性。科学、规范设置道路交通安全设施和交通管理设施，提高道路安全性。到2020年，城市建成区平均路网密度提高到8公里平方公里，道路面积率达到15%。积极采用单行道路方式组织交通。加强自行车道和步行道系统建设，倡导绿色出行。合理配置停车设施，鼓励社会参与，放宽市场准入，逐步缓解停车难问题。1.1 背景1.2 密度要求解读4本报告共选取36个全国重点城市作为研究对象。其中直辖市（4个）、计划单列市（5个）、省会城市（27个）。中心城区建成区路网密度 = 中心城区建成区内道路长度中心城区建成区面积行政区路网密度 = 纳入中心城区建成区部分内道路长度纳入中心城区建成区部分面积引言INTRODUCTION11.3 城市选取5中心城区建成区中心城区内非建设用地中心城区范围建成区外道路城市市辖区范围城市、行政区路网密度计算方法示意图中心城区外围建设用地路网密度： 一定范围内的道路总里程与该范围面积的比值。为了保证各城市路网密度的可比性、统计口径的一致性，本报告明确了城市路网密度的计算方法，本报告以中心城区建成区为指标计算范围，以中心城区建成区内道路总里程与面积的比值作为城市路网密度。中心城区建成区： 中心城区内的建设用地范围 。 中心城区范围为全国 36个重点城市现行城市总体规划中明确提出的中心城区范围 （北京 、上海等城市涉及新版总规编制， 在本报告中以上版城市总规为参考标准，具体城市总体规划参考版本见城市详情章节 ） ；建设用地为根据地表覆被的遥感影像 （ 地理国情普查 2015年数据） 解译识别范围；本次统计的中心城区建成区为中心城区和建设用地重叠的区域 。除了关注城市整体的路网密度外，本报告也对城市下辖的各行政区路网密度进行了计算和比较。以行政区纳入城市建成区的部分作为指标计算范围，以该范围内的道路总里程与该范围面积比值作为行政区的路网密度。对于仅有较小的局部范围被纳入建成区内的行政区而言，本报告所计算的路网密度仅使用该行政区名称表征路网密度的空间分布特征，而不用以表征该行政区的整体路网密度情况。1.4 名词解释及计算方法中心城区建成区内道路2 总体情况6总体情况GENERALSITUATION2 2.1中国主要城市路网总体密度1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 360%10%20%30%82.1 中国主要城市路网总体密度总体情况GENERAL SITUATION2城市路网总体密度与国家目标要求仍有较大差距本报告选取的36个全国主要城市中，路网总体平均密度为5 .89km/km2。密度处于较高水平的城市有深圳、厦门、成都、上海、广州，路网总体密度达到7 .0km/km2以上，占全部研究城市的13 .9%。其中深圳、厦门、成都三市达到国家提出的8 km/km2的目标要求。路网总体密度水平低于4.5 km/km2的城市有4个，占全部研究城市的11 .1%，分别为乌鲁木齐、拉萨、兰州、呼和浩特。路网密度介于5 .57.0km/km2之间的城市有16个，占全部研究城市的44.4%。在北上广深四个一线城市中，路网密度水平依次为深圳>上海>广州>北京。北方城市5.07 km/km2南方城市6.62 km/km2城市路网密度总体呈现“南方城市高于北方城市” 统计规律从城市区位角度来看，以秦岭淮河地理分界线为城市分类标准统计，南方城市路网密度普遍高于北方城市。北方城市路网密度总体平均值为5 .07km/km2，北方城市中路网密度水平较高的为郑州和天津，路网密度分别为6.22km/km2和6 .04km/km2，路网密度水平较低为乌鲁木齐和兰州，路网密度分别为3 .41km/km2、4.04 km/km2。南方城市路网密度总体平均值为6 .62km/km2，南方城市路网密度水平较高城市为深圳、厦门、成都，分别为9.50km/km2、8 .45km/km2、8 .02km/km2，路网密度水平较低城市为海口，路网密度为5 .41km/km2。8图1 城市路网密度分布直方图城市路网密度(km/km2)平均值 5.89 km/km2排名 区（县） 城市 路网密度1黄浦区上海14.062福田区深圳11.673上城区杭州10.884和平区天津10.855虹口区上海10.526罗湖区深圳10.527越秀区广州10.078渝中区重庆9.529思明区厦门9.4710市南区青岛9.4211东湖区南昌9.3012锦江区成都9.1013海曙区宁波9.0614长宁区上海9.0415同安区厦门8.93排名 区（县） 城市 路网密度16良庆区南宁8.6817西岗区大连8.6118翔安区厦门8.5519成华区成都8.5420湖里区厦门8.5021和平区沈阳8.4822武侯区成都8.4623集美区厦门8.4124静安区上海8.3925云岩区贵阳8.3926青羊区成都8.3327南山区深圳8.2728下城区杭州8.2229荔湾区广州8.2130江汉区武汉8.19排名 区（县） 城市 路网密度31中山区大连8.0732西湖区南昌8.0733台江区福州8.0634西城区北京8.0635雨花台区南京7.9636沈河区沈阳7.9237建邺区南京7.9038江东区宁波7.6539碑林区西安7.5940沙河口区大连7.5941金牛区成都7.5442鄞州区宁波7.5143海珠区广州7.4344江北区重庆7.4345二七区郑州7.422.2 主要城市行政区路网密度本报告在统计分析城市整体路网密度的基础上进一步统计了组成各城市主要行政区的路网密度，共涉及214个行政区(县)。所有涉及行政区的路网密度分布情况如第10页所示。全国行政区路网密度差异性较大， 与 意见 目标标准相差较远。介于5 6km/km2之间的行政区最多，所有涉及行政区的路网密度平均值仅为6 .24km/km2，可见从行政区层面分析，我国城市路网密度距离8 km/km2理想目标还有较大差距。214个行政区中路网密度达标的仅有34 个 ， 占比仅15 .8%(表1)，这些行政区普遍分布于西南、华南、华东地区，其中路网密度超过10 km/km2的行政区共7个，占比3 %，路网密度最高的行政区是上海黄浦区(14.06km/km2)。本报告从行政区层面分析了各城市路网密度的匀质性，也即城市多个行政区间路网密度的差异性。本报告采用各行政区的路网密度标准差作为衡量行政区间路网密度的差异性的指标，指标越高则各行政区间路网密度差异越大、城市路网密度匀质性越差，反之则反。各城市所属行政区的路网密度和差异性指标见汇总图（第10页）。表1 路网密度达标的34 个行政区0%5%10%15%20%25%30%2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1510平均值 6.24 km/km2行政区路网密度(km/km2)图2 行政区路网密度分布直方图总体情况GENERAL SITUATION29城市行政区路网密度汇总城市路网密度匀质性分析注：行政区路网密度标准差用以表征城市各行政区路网密度差异性大小。图310排名城市总密度行政区路网密度标准差福田区罗湖区南山区11.67 10.44 8.27思明区同安区翔安区湖里区集美区海沧区9.47 8.93 8.55 8.50 8.41 6.68锦江区成华区武侯区青羊区金牛区9.10 8.54 8.46 8.34 7.54黄浦区虹口区长宁区静安区徐汇区普陀区闵行区浦东新区杨浦区宝山区14.06 10.52 9.04 8.39 7.00 6.99 6.97 6.76 6.32 4.84越秀区荔湾区海珠区白云区天河区黄埔区10.07 8.21 7.43 6.97 6.96 5.55上城区下城区江干区滨江区西湖区拱墅区余杭区萧山区10.88 8.22 7.30 7.12 6.87 6.28 6.26 5.73台江区连江县仓山区鼓楼区晋安区马尾区闽侯县8.06 7.47 7.41 7.40 7.12 6.57 5.47西山区呈贡区官渡区五华区盘龙区6.98 6.79 6.70 6.60 6.45海曙区江东区鄞州区江北区北仑区镇海区9.06 7.65 7.51 7.28 5.48 5.47包河区蜀山区瑶海区庐阳区7.02 6.52 6.27 6.08良庆区青秀区邕宁区江南区西乡塘区兴宁区8.68 7.39 7.00 6.01 5.44 5.38渝中区江北区南岸区渝北区九龙坡区北碚区沙坪坝区大渡口区巴南区9.52 7.43 6.79 6.56 6.30 5.82 5.78 5.68 5.66开福区芙蓉区岳麓区雨花区望城区天心区7.23 6.64 6.60 6.37 5.78 5.57二七区金水区管城区惠济区中原区7.42 6.70 6.17 6.09 4.93东湖区西湖区新建区青山湖区青云谱区9.30 8.07 7.41 5.47 5.20云岩区乌当区南明区花溪区白云区观山湖区8.39 7.04 6.86 5.13 4.77 4.48和平区河东区红桥区河北区河西区南开区西青区东丽区津南区北辰区10.85 7.04 6.89 6.85 6.54 6.40 5.25 5.04 4.88 4.64西岗区中山区沙河口区金州区甘井子区旅顺口区8.61 8.07 7.59 5.57 5.49 5.28江汉区汉阳区武昌区东西湖区江岸区硚口区蔡甸区江夏区洪山区8.19 6.84 6.72 6.44 6.17 5.74 5.72 4.68 4.42东城区西城区海淀区朝阳区丰台区石景山区7.31 8.06 5.54 5.39 5.33 4.42雨花台区建邺区秦淮区鼓楼区浦口区六合区玄武区江宁区栖霞区7.96 7.90 7.18 6.84 5.42 5.23 5.01 4.97 4.23碑林区莲湖区灞桥区新城区雁塔区未央区长安区7.59 6.14 6.05 5.84 5.27 5.01 4.64龙华区琼山区秀英区美兰区6.55 5.79 5.02 4.92市南区市北区城阳区崂山区李沧区黄岛区9.42 6.97 5.41 5.28 5.14 3.80宽城区朝阳区二道区南关区绿园区6.06 5.55 5.48 5.14 4.90迎泽区小店区杏花岭区晋源区万柏林区尖草坪区6.35 5.61 5.26 5.16 4.75 4.45新华区桥西区裕华区长安区5.62 5.46 5.02 4.64城西区城中区城东区城北区5.92 5.38 5.34 4.77道里区南岗区松北区香坊区道外区呼兰区阿城区平房区6.04 5.74 4.89 4.71 4.54 3.88 3.79 3.59兴庆区金凤区西夏区5.45 5.05 3.87和平区沈河区铁西区浑南区皇姑区苏家屯区于洪区沈北新区8.48 7.92 6.86 4.78 4.19 4.18 3.74 3.68槐荫区历下区天桥区市中区长清区历城区5.74 5.25 4.95 4.45 4.04 3.80赛罕区新城区回民区玉泉区4.77 4.68 4.27 3.09城关区安宁区七里河区西固区4.71 4.10 4.09 2.69堆龙德庆区城关区4.75 3.48新市区沙依巴克区头屯河区水磨沟区天山区米东区4.40 4.01 3.37 3.20 2.95 2.6517天 津 6.04 1.711深 圳 9.50 1.4120北 京 5.59 1.2619武 汉 1.085.7716贵 阳 1.4118大 连 1.366.076.03主要行政区路网密度35拉 萨 0.6336乌鲁木齐 0.603.783.41330.6734兰 州 0.744.244.0432济 南 0.68呼和浩特4.6830银 川 0.6731沈 阳 1.844.764.7428西 宁 0.4129哈尔滨 0.845.044.9426太 原 0.6127石家庄 0.385.175.1524青 岛 1.7825长 春 0.395.355.3322西 安 0.9023海 口 0.665.495.4121南 京 1.325.5514郑 州 0.8215南 昌 1.566.226.1213长 沙 0.566.2710合 肥 0.3511南 宁 1.186.616.579宁 波 1.276.726.6712重 庆 1.177福 州 0.7780.186.816.495广 州 1.386杭 州 1.527.026.90昆 明4上 海 2.487.102厦 门 0.863成 都 0.508.458.025.79团块形态（15个）北京石家庄西安哈尔滨贵阳武汉兰州拉萨西宁5.59 5.15 5.494.94 6.07 5.774.04 3.78 5.046.33组团形态（17个）4.38带状形态（4个）城市形态分类按照城市建成区形态分类，可将全国主要城市分为团块形态、组团形态和带状形态三类。在全国36个主要城市中，团块形态城市共计15个，例如北京、石家庄、西安等；组团形态城市共计17个，例如重庆、深圳、武汉等；带状形态城市共计4个，例如兰州、济南等。“组团型城市团块型城市带型城市”根据全国主要城市道路网密度计算结果，团块型城市平均路网密度为5 .79km/km2，组团型城市平均路网密度为6 .33km/km2，带型城市平均路网密度为4.38km/km2。从平均路网密度指标来看，城市形态对路网密度有影响作用，呈现“组团形态团块形态带状形态”的现象规律，组团型城市平均路网密度相对较高，带型城市路网密度普遍较低。2.3 城市形态与路网密度关系分析组团城市：地形分隔，组团内部建设集中由于山地河流等自然屏障的分隔作用，城市空间难以平面化的自由拓展。一般情况下，城市组团内部空间受到地形制约，建设用地十分有限，在人口聚集度较高的情况下，组团内用地布局较为紧凑，形成高密度的集中建设开发，路网密度相对较高。团块城市：连片开发，路网密度内高外低平坦的地形有利于城市空间的扩展和连片开发，由于受到地形制约较少，在城市建设发展过程中，团块型城市普遍老城中心区密度高，外围新城区及开发区密度低的圈层结构，平均路网密度相对较低。带型城市：轴向发展，道路级配不尽合理带型城市受到地形制约形成沿轴向发展的城市布局，狭长的带状城市空间对轴向方向骨干道路设施需求较大，而集散性道路以及非轴向方向道路设施建设相对不足，道路级配比例不合理，导致路网密度普遍偏低。总体情况GENERAL SITUATION2112.4 城市规模与路网密度关系分析城市“新标准”2014年11月，国务院印发关于调整城市规模划分标准的通知，对原有城市规模划分标准进行了调整，明确了新的城市规模划分标准。标准以城区常住人口注为统计口径，将城市划分为五类七档。城市规模越大，路网密度越高根据全国36个主要城市的路网密度结果来看，超大型城市平均路网密度为7 .30km/km2，特大型城市平均路网密度为6.06km/km2，型和型大城市分别为5 .76km/km2和5 .39km/km2。依据城市规模分类，城市道路网密度呈现出城市规模越大 ， 路网密度水平越高的统计规律。城市规模越大，建成区人口聚集度相对越高，城市市政基础设施的建设相对完善，规模效应促进城市经济的发展，进一步为城市道路设施建设提供保障。总体情况GENERAL SITUATION2超大城市1000万以上特大城市500-1000万大城市100-500万中等城市50-100万小城市50万以下型300-500万型100-300万型20-50万型20万以下*注：城区是指在市辖区和不设区的市，区、市政府驻地的实际建设连接到的居民委员会所辖区域和其他区域。常住人口包括：居住在本乡镇街道，且户口在本乡镇街道或户口待定的人；居住在本乡镇街道，且离开户口登记地所在的乡镇街道半年以上的人；户口在本乡镇街道，且外出不满半年或在境外工作学习的人。12深圳9.507.30上海7.10平均路网密度广州7.02北京5.59成都8.02杭州6.90重庆6.496.06郑州6.22平均路网密度天津6.04武汉5.77南京5.55西安5.49青岛5.35沈阳4.74厦门8.45昆明6.72合肥6.61长沙6.275.76大连6.03平均路网密度长春5.33太原5.17哈尔滨4.94济南4.68乌鲁木齐3.41福州6.81宁波6.67南宁6.57南昌6.12贵阳6.075.39海口5.41平均路网密度石家庄5.15西宁5.04银川4.76呼和浩特4.24兰州4.04拉萨3.78型大城市超大型城市特大型城市I型大城市3 主要城市密度路网详情13北 京 首都 · 直辖市 · 京津冀城市群 · 华北地区 城市形态：团块状建成区道路里程：5112.1 公里建成区面积：912.3 平方公里参考总规版本：北京市城市总体规划（2004 -2020年）5.59路网密度20密度排名全市中心城区建成区路网密度为5 .59km/km2，整体偏低，在36个城市中排名第20。在中心城区建成区的各行政区中，位于北京市核心位置的西城区（8.06）、东城区（7.31）因次支路较多因而路网密度较高，基本达标，其他区路网密度相对较低，朝阳区、丰台区、海淀区路网密度均处于5 6km/km2之间，石景山区路网密度最低，仅为4.42 km/km2。北京市近年来在城市交通建设方面投入巨大，如“十二五”期间交通领域固定资产投资达3300亿元。近年来北京在城市道路建设方面更倾向于骨干道路的建设，形成了典型的环形放射式结构，而低等级道路建设较为迟缓，使得北京市路网级配不尽合理，目前北京市快、主、次、支路级配结构为1：2 .5：1 .7：11.5，致使路网密度整体较低。另一方面，由于北京市街区尺度与意见中250米的理想街区尺度差距较大，进一步造成了路网密度较低的现象。行政区 路网密度西城区8.06东城区7.31朝阳区5.39海淀区5.54丰台区5.34石景山区4.4214城市千米栅格路网密度分布图城市行政区路网密度分布图上 海 直辖市 · 长江三角洲城市群 · 华东地区城市形态：团块状建成区道路里程：4012.0 公里建成区面积：564.9 平方公里参考总规版本：上海市城市总体规划（2004 -2020年）7.10路网密度4密度排名全市中心城区建成区路网密度为7.10km/km2，在36个城市中排名第4，城市总体路网密度较高。在中心城区建成区的各行政区中，共有4个行政区的路网密度已达标，且黄浦区( 14.06km/km2)、虹口区( 10.52km/km2)的路网密度超过了10 km/km2，宝山区( 4.84 km/km2)路网密度相对最低。上海早在1927年即成为“上海市特别市”，最早发展建设的老城区为外滩以西、以北区域，也即今黄浦区、虹口区、静安区，由于发展较早、建设较为完善，故路网密度较高。此后上海在浦西纵向发展，直至上世纪80年代末才跨过黄浦江全面开发浦东，由于发展相对较晚，故浦东新区路网密度相对浦西较低。宝山区、闵行区在90年代设立，发展建设较晚，且主要以工业、物流等产业为支柱产业，故基础设施建设不尽完善，故路网密度相对较低。行政区 路网密度黄浦区14.06虹口区10.52长宁区9.04静安区8.39徐汇区7.00浦东新区6.76普陀区6.99杨浦区6.32闵行区6.97宝山区4.8415城市行政区路网密度分布图城市千米栅格路网密度分布图天 津6.04路网密度17密度排名中心城区建成区路网密度为6 .04km/km2，在36个城市中排名第17位，路网密度处于中等水平。在中心城区建成区各行政区中，和平区路网密度最高，达到10.85km/km2，远高于国家目标标准；河东区(7.04km/km2)、河西区( 6.54km/km2)、河北区(6.85km/km2)、红桥区(6.89km/km2)、南开区(6.40km/km2)比较接近，路网密度处于中高水平；东丽区、西青区、津南区、北辰区路网密度相对较低。天津城市建成区呈典型的圈层结构，路网密度由内向外递减。位于老城中心的和平区路网密度最高，远高于目标标准（8km/km2）；外围河东、河西、河北、南开、红桥五区处于中高水平（约6.57.0km/km2）；随着城市建设发展，城市空间尺度拉大，外围行政区东丽区、西青区、津南区、北辰区建设用地较为分散，道路设施以骨架路网为主，集散性道路相对不足，路网密度仍处于较低水平。行政区 路网密度和平区10.85河东区7.04河西区6.54南开区6.40河北区6.85红桥区6.89东丽区5.04西青区5.25津南区4.88北辰区4.6416城市行政区路网密度分布图城市千米栅格路网密度分布图 直辖市 · 京津冀城市群 · 华北地区 城市形态：组团状建成区道路里程：2012.5 公里建成区面积：339 平方公里参考总规版本：天津市城市总体规划（2005- 2020年）6.49路网密度12密度排名重庆市中心城区建成区路网总体密度为6.49km/km2，处于中游水平，在36个城市中排名第12位。在中心城区建成区各行政区中，仅渝中区( 9.52km/km2)路网密度达标，路网密度最低的行政区是巴南区( 5.66km/km2)。重庆是我国典型的山城，受地形和历史原因影响，城市发展为多中心组团结构。重庆路网整体上结合地形特点呈自由式发展。渝中区作为重庆老城区，起步早，建设密度大，故其路网密度相对较高。重庆作为我国工业重镇，初期的城市化进程主要由工业引领，如江北区、南岸区等辖区，使得这些辖区的路网密度较高。与平原城市路网密度主要受发展历史的影响不同，重庆市路网密度在很大程度上还受到地形影响，如沙坪坝区虽然建设较早，但由于地形复杂使得其路网密度仍然相对较低。行政区 路网密度渝中区9.52江北区7.43南岸区6.79渝北区6.56九龙坡区6.30北碚区5.82大渡口区5.68沙坪坝区5.78巴南区5.66重 庆 直辖市 · 成渝城市群 · 西南地区 城市形态：组团状建成区道路里程：2849.0 公里建成区面积：439.1 平方公里参考总规版本：重庆市城市总体规划（2007 -2020年）17城市行政区路网密度分布图城市千米栅格路网密度分布图大 连 计划单列市 · 辽中南城市群 · 东北地区城市形态：组团状建成区道路里程：2219.4 公里建成区面积：368.1 平方公里参考总规版本：大连