Authors: Vanessa Forti, Cornelis Peter Bald, Ruediger Kuehr, Garam Bel Contributions by: S. Adrian, M. Brune Drisse, Y. Cheng, L. Devia, O. Deubzer, F. Goldizen, J. Gorman, S. Herat, S. Honda, G. Iattoni, W. Jingwei, L. Jinhui, D.S. Khetriwal, J. Linnell, F. Magalini, I.C. Nnororm, P . Onianwa, D. Ott, A. Ramola, U. Silva, R. Stillhart, D. Tillekeratne, V. Van Straalen, M. Wagner, T. Yamamoto, X. Zeng Quantities, flows, and the circular economy potential Supporting Contributors: The Global E-waste Monitor 202023 The Global E-waste Monitor 2020 Quantities, flows, and the circular economy potential Authors: Vanessa Forti, Cornelis Peter Bald, Ruediger Kuehr, Garam Bel Contributions by: S. Adrian, M. Brune Drisse, Y. Cheng, L. Devia, O. Deubzer, F. Goldizen, J. Gorman, S. Herat, S. Honda, G. Iattoni, W. Jingwei, L. Jinhui, D.S. Khetriwal, J. Linnell, F. Magalini, I.C. Nnororm, P . Onianwa, D. Ott, A. Ramola, U. Silva, R. Stillhart, D. Tillekeratne, V. Van Straalen, M. Wagner, T. Yamamoto, X. Zeng4 Copyright and publication informationContact information: Please cite this publication as: G TGbE-wM2020:Q w m U NU(UNU)/U NIfT (UNITA)- SYLEmm ITmmU(ITU)fw-2017 UNU-SYLE bkGb E-w M 2014 T w b w f -w I2019w 3 6mm(M) 17 4%fw ff m Iww1 8M2014 b -w b 9 2 M T kwbwf-w b -w m A71%fw bmfmf-wffmb m w mm fm k-f f T Gb E-w M 2020 w b b -w x w f ff SDG wm b I w -mkm m -wb m fmwk bUNU-SYLEbwMITf Dm W w k k b f w bwGES ffmb m mmf-w Ruediger Kuehr Director of the Sustainable Cycles Programme, UNU this e-waste is likely dumped, traded, or recycled in a non-environmentally sound way 44.4 Mt 6.4 kg per capita 53.6 Mt 7.3 kg per capita 74.7 Mt 9 kg per capita Growth of 9.2 Mt since 2014 2014 Global e-waste documented to be collected and properly Global e-waste ows that are not documented 17.4% | 9.3 Mt 17.0% | 7.5 Mt 82.6% | 44.3 Mt 2030 0.6 Mt is estimated to end up in waste bins in EU countries 43.7 Mt 2019 Global e-waste generated Global e-waste generated Global E-waste Generated Growth of 1.8 Mt since 2014 I2019xm3 6mm(M)f -w(x )w 7 3k Im mf-w wx 74M2030 Tb f-wmf m2M I 2019 fm m w9 3M17 4%m -w I w w 1 8 M 2014 w f m 0 4 M Hw -w b9 2Mww fm2M T kwbwf-w S -w b b Tm fm b -w m fm w w f 2016 ( Ax 2 f m Ax 3 f ) I 2019 mj f -w (82 6%) w m k fm m m m T w m mm Tkf fm -w m m f -w 2019 (44 3 M) m m m I f m m-z m w b b wm w Tf bj fm Im EU0 6M f-w wb( 2016)24 2 GbE-wS Temperature exchange equipment +7% 10.8 Mt Screens and monitors -1% 6.7 Mt Large equipment +5% 13.1 Mt Lamps 0.9 Mt +4% Small equipment 17.4 Mt +4% Small IT and telecom- munication equipment 4.7 Mt USB +2% since 2014 since 2014 since 2014 since 2014 since 2014 since 2014 0 20 40 60 80 100 Mt 2030 2029 2028 2027 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2030 2029 2028 2027 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 kg per capita 10 8 6 4 2 0 6.4 44.4 46.4 48.2 50.0 51.8 53.6 55.5 57.4 59.4 61.3 63.3 65.3 67.2 69.2 71.1 72.9 74.7 6.6 6.8 6.9 7.1 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.8 8.0 8.2 8.3 8.5 8.6 8.8 8.9 9.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Mt T b f -w 2019 m m f Sm m (17 4 M) L m (13 1 M) Tm x m (10 8 M) S m Sm IT mm m Lm m f -w 2019: 6 7 M 4 7 M 0 9 M S 2014 -w b m(mfwf-w )Tmxm (w f 7%) L m (+%) Lm Sm m (+4%) T b w m f w m w Sm IT mm m b w w S mw (-1%) T bx b fTm b b fw mbfw Global E-waste Generated by year (j km -192 2 GbE-wS Asia 24.9 Mt (5.6 kg per capita) e-waste generated 2.9 Mt | 11.7% e-waste documented to be collected and properly recycled Africa 2.9 Mt (2.5 kg per capita) e-waste generated 0.03 Mt | 0.9% e-waste documented to be collected and Americas 13.1 Mt (13.3 kg per capita) e-waste generated 1.2 Mt | 9.4% e-waste documented to be collected and properly recycled Oceania 0.7 Mt (16.1 kg per capita) e-waste generated 0.06 Mt | 8.8% e-waste documented to be collected and properly recycled Europe 12 Mt (16.2 kg per capita) e-waste generated 5.1 Mt | 42.5% e-waste documented to be collected and properly recycled I 2019 m f -w w A (24 9M)wm kE(16 2k) E w m fm -w (42 %) I -w m fm bw m -w w 2019 A k 11 7% Am O 9 4% 8 8%wAfk 0 9% Hw b m b mbff( m f w mmm ) (226 2 GbE-wS 67 countries population covered by legislation, policy, or regulation covered by legislation, policy, and regulation covered by legislation, policy, and regulation covered by legislation, policy, and regulation population covered by legislation, policy, or regulation population covered by legislation, policy, or regulation 66% 71% 44% 78 countries 2014 61 countries 2017 2019 A f Ob 2019 71% f w w b -w Imm b m 2014 w 44% f w T bf m I m Hw 78f193 T f f w b27 Chapter 2. Global E-waste Key Statistics28 Chapter 3 How E-waste Data Contribute to the SDGs2930 3 HwE-wDbSDG I Smb 201 U N mmb mb 2030A fSbDm f 17SbDm G (SDG) 169 f f1- If-wm f m ff mm mfSGD w SDG 169m b ff S f f b m f m b f E-w mm m SDG SDG 8 wk mwSDG3 w-bSDG6w SDG 14 f bw w I w m m f f EEE -w SDG mf(SDG8 4 1 12 1 1) SDG mm m (SDG 8 4 2 12 2 2) b mw SDG f-wmfb- b f m w w m w f bz E-wbff wkf12 1SDG m (3) T m f -w fSDG 12 4 2z w31 3 HwE-wDbSDG E-w mbSDG11 12 Target 11.6: 2030 mmfb wm wmm Sffw bzw m mk M-wwb m m-wbm mf-w m Tmw m fITfwmmffw x Indicator 11.6.1: Percentage of urban solid waste regularly collected and with adequate final discharge with regard to the total waste generated by the city. Target 12.4: 2030 m mm f m w f w - fmwk f w mmz mm m Indicator 12.4.2: Treatment of waste, generation of hazardous waste, and hazardous waste management, by type of treatment. T arget 12.5: 2030b w A mb f m w m f mk m m b b wf mff m Indicator 12.5.1 National recycling rate and tons of material recycled. Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns Goal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable SDG 12.5.1 National recycling rate and tons of material recycled (e-waste sub-indicator) The e-waste sub-indicator in SDG 12.5.1 has been defined as: SDG 12.5.1 Sub-indicator on e-waste = Where the “Total e-waste recycled” is equivalent to the “E-waste formally collected”, which is defined in E-Waste Statistics Guidelines (Forti, Bald, and Kuehr 2018) as the amount of e-waste that is collected as such by the formal collection system. The “e-waste generated” is defined as the amount of discarded electrical and electronic products (e-waste) due to consumption within a national territory in a given reporting year, prior to any collection, reuse, treatment, or export. For methodology and datasets, the custodian agencies UNEP and UNSD use the datasets and methodologies developed by SCYCLE, the Global E-waste Statistics Partnership, and the Partnership Measuring ICT for Development. With the current data, the SDG 12.5.1 sub-indicator on the e-waste recycling rate is 17.4% for 2019. Total e-waste recycled Total e-waste generated32 Chapter 4 Measuring E-waste Statistics3334 Prevent dumping and emissions, as well as the improper treatment of e-waste Reduce e-waste generation Promote recycling USB Create green jobs in the refur- bishment and recycling sectors Quantify the magnitude of the e-waste challenges Establish priorities for policy makers, inu- encing regulations, and setting policy targets Set appropriate collection and recycling targets Allocate adequate nancial resources iron copper aluminium Prevent dumping and emissions, as well as the improper treatment of e-waste Reduce e-waste generation Promote recycling USB Create green jobs in the refur- bishment and recycling sectors Quantify the magnitude of the e-waste challenges Establish priorities for policy makers, inu- encing regulations, and setting policy targets Set appropriate collection and recycling targets Allocate adequate nancial resources iron copper aluminium 4 ME-wS M wf-w f m m f T m f m b w b -w U w f-w bfm m m m m f -w I A b b w mmz -w f k k f b mk U f -w b - m m U f -w fbm b f f jb fbm H b -w m w b 2018 ITUffb-w30% b2023 Mwm -w wb m m f -w b f mk Global National bffb mm fm-wmk wb3 T z m fm-wb b UNU SYLE mm b w Tk G M E-wwUNMITfDm T f E-wSG wb 201 b UNU-SYLE (4) w b ( 201) T w bUNU2018( 2018) Tm mzmmfmwk b b w mbbmmfmwkf-w Tmfm bfGbE-wM( W 201) EUmmm f EU-WEEED(EUWEEED2012/19/EU) Tfmwk mmff-w Tfw b fmfmwk: 1 TEEE Mk(OM)(k) Tz f- mk 2 T-w (k) Tzf -w 3 E-wfm (k) Tmf -w bfmm 4 E-w= T fmffmm -w x100 -w 4 ME-wS Nw fw -w b WEEE bUNU-SYLE(Emm 2019) IOzfEm- Dm (OED) OED Wk Em Ifm (WEI) -EUOEDMmbSU NEm(UNE) U N S D (UNSD Em S S) b -w mf-wmNSO S EU k mm fmwk f m -w O k w mm f /fm Mmmjf b f -wfm36 4 ME-wS 2. Use phase, including items in hibernation 1. Market Entry Production and Trade Life-time Import w z b -w m k I -w f z f f -w mm -wmbx 4 ME-wS Scenario 3. E-waste collected outside of formal systems in countries with a developed (e-)waste management infrastructure41 BACKY ARD RECYCLING DOOR-TO-DOOR BUYERS SECOND-HAND MARKET DISMANTLING Im mbf fm f-m f -w T fm - b b -EEE -w fm b b T b fb b m Dmm bk m w b mkb m m b m -w w m T bk mm m 4 ME-wS Scenario 4. E-waste collected outside of formal systems in countries with no developed (e-)waste management infrastructure42 Chapter 5 Worldwide Harmonisation by the Global E-waste Statistics Partnership4344 W w HmbGbE-wS M IT f m2017U NU SYLE mm (UNU-SYLE) I S WA(ISWA) I TmmU(ITU)j f Gb E-w S b w U N Em mm (UNE) Gb E-w S w f wm-w Tm fm b b-w bk m m T b b f Gb E-w M 2017 b wb bw b z m -w S2017GbE-wS m bbz b z wk -w Sf -b wk b E Af L Am E E Ab S M 360 fm 60b m w 2017 2019 xm(fmEU) m -w fm mmfmwk mfmb f countries (apart from EU countries) have started compiling national e-waste statistics 9 people have been trained on e-waste statistics 361 countries participated in e-waste statistics workshops Regions that participated in e-waste statistics workshops 60 Between 2017 and 20204 Twk-w Nmb2017ATzw f mwbkw f-wwb m U -w H k b f OMwx mfI wfm U ff EEE Iwb OM mk b bSYLE Iwb x -w U m Tm m - -w f b f f bmf-wU f-mk IwkSYLEmf b 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 0 5 10 15 20 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 EEE Put on the market (in kt) E-Waste generated (in kt) Uganda W w HmbGbE-wS Mulindwa Muminu Matovu Senior Statistician, Environment and Forestry Statistics fS U Uganda 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 0 5 10 15 20 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 EEE Put on the market (in kt) E-Waste generated (in kt) Uganda EEE Placed on the Market (in kt) in Uganda E-waste generated (in kt) in Uganda46 W w HmbGbE-wS W SYLE m Em S D wk Ob 2018 x f w T wk w f b b -w f T w m f -w A f -b x m - m ( DOS G m Dm M f I T ) A Em S D f w mb-w (Hm 2019) T x f k fJ DmfS T m -w b SYLE b m b fm TDmfSJ -w f ffEEEOM -w mm OwmkSYLEm GbE-wS f m -w b m fmwk Tb J wbfffmmk Jordan Temperature exchange equipment Screens and monitors 160 823 563 20 657 11225 Lamps Large equipment Small equipment Small IT and telecommunication equipment USB E-waste generated from households in Jordan in 2018 (in tons) Enas Mohammad Al-Arabyat Sudki Sameer Hamdan Head Assistance of Environment Statistics Division Dmf SJ Expert Environmental and Energy Statistics Dmf SJ47 W w HmbGbE-wS EEE Put on the market (in kt) E-Waste generated (in kt) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 Bosnia and Herzogovina EEE Put on the market (in kt) E-Waste generated (in kt) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 Bosnia and Herzogovina Tk w SYLE mm fm U N U/- E Hz -w f f -w T b f f EEE OM w mfD2012/19/EUfEm f4 fJ2012WE EEm(WEEE) A -w bmfw w w-w evala Koraj evi Head of Transport, Environment, Energy and Regional Statis- tics Department AfS Hz EEE Put on the market (in kt) E-Waste generated (in kt) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 Bosnia and Herzogovina EEE Placed on the Market (in kt) in Bosnia and Herzegovina E-waste generated (in kg per capita) in Bosnia and Herzegovina48 EEE Put on the market (in kt) E-Waste generated per category in 2017 (in kt) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 2017 2016 2015 2014 Temperature exchange equipment Screens and monitors Lamps Large equipment Small equipment Small IT and telecommuni- cation equipment 4.8 1.9 0.7 19.0 7.9 1.5 Tanzania W w HmbGbE-wS f2018Tzkm w b b-w fkmmf b mfmwk I -w N f S (NS) f Tz k mm b f T m f mmbfNE-WS2019(NEWS) TNEWS-wTz f kfbmf-wTz TNEWSff fEEEOMmbb fmEEEfm T fNEWSfbwNSk I b SYLE m -b f NEWSwkSYLEmf :GmfTz DGffIZmmb(GIZGmbH)U N Emm(UNE) Gb-wS EEE Put on the market (in kt) E-Waste generated per category in 2017 (in kt) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 2017 2016 2015 2014 Temperature exchange equipment Screens and monitors Lamps Large equipment Small equipment Small IT and telecommuni- cation equipment 4.8 1.9 0.7 19.0 7.9 1.5 Tanzania EEE Put on the market (in kt) E-Waste generated per category in 2017 (in kt) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 2017 2016 2015 2014 Temperature exchange equipment Screens and monitors Lamps Large equipment Small equipment Small IT and telecommuni- cation equipment 4.8 1.9 0.7 19.0 7.9 1.5 Tanzania Ruth Minja Ag. Director for Population Census and Social Statistics Nf STz EEE Placed on the Market (in kt) in Tanzania E-waste generated per category in 2017 (in kt) in Tanzania49 Chapter 5. Worldwide Harmonisation by the Global E-waste Statistics Partnership50 Chapter 6 E-waste Legislation and Transboundary Movement512 6 E-wL Tb Mm Gm w -w wwf -f-f S f -b m w b bm L m f b ww f b AfOb201978 -w W71%fw T b%fm66%2017 bm mf mfmmf-w: m-b bmm AAf Afxm19wb -ww-wb-b 31 w m(GSMA2020) 67 countries population covered by legislation, policy, or regulation covered by legislation, policy, and regulation covered by legislation, policy, and regulation covered by legislation, policy, and regulation population covered by legislation, policy, or regulation population covered by legislation, policy, or regulation 66% 71% 44% 78 countries 2014 61 countries 2017 2019 Hwmwb fm k IEUfxmf -w- -wbmk fm12%M26% 6%Sw 8%b A61%H OE(82%) (79%)bb 6%jE U(SYLE b ) Hbfmwkw m b f T f f wmm-wmmmm f S Gb E-w M 2017 mk z m m f m f wmbfb m Tbj m m M m mm mm - f-ff T f-wm b f EEEbm f S Gb E-w M 2017 m m -w- m f w mm Twbw Em Af f-w 200 2100 (j 2019) w m bf-wx30 f bfmf3 6 E-wL Tb Mm Ebfmwkf-w I x b f-w Effk m mmm fbm fx b x m f Iffmmx-w -w W -fxf-wf m f Em m m m Ek -w wfmm mwbm mf-w w m b f m m (M 2016) TSE-wbm(SE)k fm m m NGO z b fw f -w mm m : k mbwk b -w A m f x b (E) b m m m-k w f w b Tf bfk b Im -wm : ffm m fwbfz f w b f -w m f-w m f-w f f m b - Ex b(E) W wfb m ffmf wbm f bm fwm mfm f f4 About the Basel Convention T f Tb Mm f Hz W T D m m m mz w Tw f1989 m 1992 b b187 (6) E-w fz m Tf m m mz w b fk mm bw f-b mm f z w xmm fmbwm mbjfwx ffEEE fmfz w ffm m f Hw fwmw f f A m f-f- (O14) mb b mm f w m b fw Nw b 0%f T w b m w b mfmwmj mbbkf m b m bmmb -w Gf m mffm m mkfw -w f mw m S fx-w b mfmf b bkw M Wm (201) wk b fm w b m k bf -f-fEEE: (i) Entire society:m kffb b w mk (ii) Consumers: m mkb f -wbff (iii) Producers: mkk fm AGbE-wM2017Ek w w b W k b -m f f Tf E w x z bm m m b m w kbkbw wkk mm m Twfmk f m M w -w SE AE b wm 6 E-wL Tb Mm6 E-wL Tb Mm Tb w f -w bm mj f b x m Sm mj f