博鳌亚洲论坛创新报告 2020 对外经济贸易大学出版社 中国·北京 图书在版编目 （ CIP） 数据 网络新闻标题的汉日翻译机制研究：日文 / 李正政 著 . 北京：对外经济贸易大学出版社， 2020.7 （鼎新北科外语学者丛书） ISBN 978-7-5663-2174-9 . 网 . 李 . 日语 翻译 研究 . H365.9 中国版本图书馆 CIP 数据核字（ 2020）第 号 博鳌亚洲论坛创新报告 2020 李正政 著 责任编辑： 郭玉红 出版发行：对外经济贸易大学出版社 邮政编码： 100029 社 址：北京市朝阳区惠新东街 10 号 邮购电话： 010 64492338 网 址： uibep 发行部电话： 010 64492342 资源网址： uibepresources E-mail： uibep126 成品尺寸： 185mm× 260mm 印 刷： 迅驰传媒文化有限 公司 印 张： 版 次： 2020 年 7 月北京第 1 版 字 数： 千字 印 次： 2020 年 7 月第 1 次印刷 ISBN 978-7-5663-2174-9 定 价： 00.00 元 概 要 I 目 录 潘基文理事长致辞 ·······································································VII 周小川副理事长致辞 ····································································· IX 前言 ·························································································· XI 概要 ······················································································· XIII 第 1 章 亚洲创新力 ······································································ 1 1.1 亚洲创新力评估 ······················································································ 3 1.2 创新环境、创新投入与创新成果 ································································· 6 1.2.1 亚洲各经济体发展战略对创新的定位 ·················································· 6 1.2.2 亚洲企业创新定位及研发投入 ························································· 24 1.2.3 亚洲创意经济 ·············································································· 34 1.2.4 亚洲创新城市、创意集群 ······························································· 40 第 2 章 亚洲创新发展九大技术动力 ················································ 45 2.1 人工智能 ····························································································· 47 2.1.1 亚洲成为人工智能领域增长点 ························································· 48 2.1.2 人工智能渗透亚洲各行业 ······························································· 49 2.2 企业 5G 网络 ························································································ 53 2.2.1 中韩领跑亚洲 5G 部署 ··································································· 54 2.2.2 企业 5G 是未来风口 ······································································ 55 2.3 工业机器人 ·························································································· 57 2.3.1 部署机器人的意义比以往更加重要 ··················································· 58 2.3.2 亚洲工业机器人具备较强竞争力 ······················································ 58 2.3.3 工业机器人向智能化、轻型柔性化、协作化发展提速 ··························· 60 2020博鳌亚洲论坛 创新报告 II 2.4 智能供应链 ··························································································· 61 2.4.1 供应链协作能力决定着企业的未来发展 ············································· 61 2.4.2 智能化供应链将迎来新一轮的变革 ··················································· 62 2.4.3 亚洲供应链实践企业案例分析 ························································· 63 2.5 移动支付技术 ························································································ 64 2.5.1 移动支付加快亚洲经济效率和变革 ··················································· 64 2.5.2 亚洲引领移动支付技术走向智能化 ··················································· 65 2.5.3 中印领跑移动支付，亚洲各国发展迅速 ············································· 66 2.5.4 印度移动支付 UPI 技术发展 ···························································· 67 2.6 新零售技术 ··························································································· 67 2.6.1 新零售成为亚洲电商发展的新趋势 ··················································· 68 2.6.2 电子商务促进消费在亚洲各国普惠 ··················································· 68 2.6.3 印度电商 Flipkart 利用电商开拓下沉市场 ··········································· 70 2.7 生物医药技术 ························································································ 70 2.7.1 经济发展和社会变革为亚洲人民的健康带来了新的挑战 ························ 71 2.7.2 生物医药行业帮助亚洲人民提高生活质量 ·········································· 72 2.7.3 亚洲生物医药行业未来将持续高速发展，接棒新一代药物创新 ··············· 73 2.8 数字化能源技术 ····················································································· 74 2.8.1 能源区块链突破亚洲能源市场交易瓶颈 ············································· 74 2.8.2 能源区块链帮助消纳增长的绿电，提升能源系统的供需弹性 ·················· 76 2.8.3 亚洲国家应优先落地点对点发配电交易、 REC 交易及电动汽车 充电系统 ···················································································· 78 2.9 环境治理技术 ························································································ 80 2.9.1 亚洲国家环境问题严峻，成为全球环保市场增长点 ······························ 81 2.9.2 发展内在逻辑转变 ········································································ 81 2.9.3 领先国家优势明显，新兴国家不容忽视 ············································· 82 概 要 III 表目录 表 11 2014 2020 年亚洲各经济体 GDP 增速（同比） ····································· 3 表 12 2018 年中国财政科学技术支出情况 ······················································ 9 表 13 2015 年和 2020 年中国在全球创新指数及其各项指标中的排名 ················· 10 表 14 2020 年中国位列全球 100 强的区域创新集群（从科学与专利表现 衡量） ························································································ 11 表 15 2016 2020 年越南创新排名 ····························································· 15 表 16 2016 2020 年“全球创新指数”中越南多项指标排名 ··························· 16 表 17 2016 2020 年以色列全球创新指数排名和营商环境得分 ························ 20 表 18 2016 2020 年印度全球创新指数排名和营商环境得分 ··························· 22 表 19 2018 年亚洲部分经济体企业研发投入 ················································· 30 表 110 2019 年欧盟工业研发投资排行榜前 200 家公司中来自亚洲的公司 ············ 31 表 111 创意产品： 2002 年和 2015 年按区域经济集团统计的出口 ······················· 34 表 112 2018 年全球电影票房市场前 20 位 ····················································· 37 表 21 亚洲创新发展九项技术 ··································································· 47 表 22 人工智能技术推动产业升级 ····························································· 50 表 23 二维码和 NFC 移动支付应用场景和优缺点辨析 ···································· 65 表 24 亚洲各大主流移动支付应用情况 ······················································· 66 表 25 亚洲主流综合电商平台零售技术发展情况 ··········································· 69 表 26 能源区块链在亚洲落地的优先级分析 ················································· 79 表 27 亚洲新兴环境治理技术企业举例 ······················································· 83 2020博鳌亚洲论坛 创新报告 IV 概 要 V 图目录 图 11 美国、欧盟等经济体 2000 2015 年在研发方面的支出 ····························· 5 图 12 2015 年全球（按地区划分）研发支出（按十亿美元的购买力平价计算） ····· 5 图 13 2008 2013 年越南等国教育投入在 GDP 中的比重 ································ 16 图 14 越南识字率和高等教育入学率得到显著提高 ········································ 17 图 15 2019 年欧盟工业研发投资排行榜 2 500 家企业分布 ······························· 29 图 16 2018 年部分国家政府及部分企业研发投入额 ········································ 29 图 17 2019 年亚洲各经济体拥有的入榜公司数量 ··········································· 33 图 18 2014 2018 年按地区划分的国际票房全票房 ·································· 37 图 19 2019 年日本 500 强企业中总部设在东京湾区的企业数量 ························ 42 图 21 人工智能技术带来的全方位变革 ······················································· 48 图 22 人工智能技术在各行业中的应用 ······················································· 50 图 23 5G的经济价值 ·············································································· 54 图 24 工业机器人产业链 ·········································································· 57 图 25 2013 2022 年全球工业机器人安装总量 ·············································· 59 图 26 制造业供应链示意图 ······································································ 61 图 27 2018 年全球新增癌症患者及因癌症死亡患者数量（百万人） ·················· 71 图 28 2015 年和 2020 年全球老龄化人口（ 65 周岁，百万人） ······················ 72 图 29 区块链赋能电力系统价值链各环节交易 ·············································· 75 图 210 2019 年全球污染最严重国家（根据 PM2.5 年平均值排名） ····················· 82 2020博鳌亚洲论坛 创新报告 VI 概 要 VII 为亚洲奇迹插上创新之翼 潘基文 博鳌亚洲论坛理事长 在亚洲的发展议程中，创新从未像今日这般，被如此重视，被赋予如此之高的分量。在政策制定者的演讲中，在公司董事会的会议讨论中，在学术论文和学术研讨会议中，在媒体报道和公众舆论中，在首份博鳌亚洲论坛创新报告 （ Boao Forum for Asia Innovation Report）中，创新都是一个频频出现的主题。 二十世纪下半叶，亚洲这片历史悠久的古老大陆上，发生了人类历史上前所未有的巨大变化。亚洲奇迹改变了大部分亚洲国家的贫穷面貌。因此，许多人都认为，二十一世纪将是亚洲的世纪。但与此同时，亚洲各国面临的挑战也层出不穷：发达国家和高收入国家饱受不利人口因素和长期停滞之苦；新兴经济体面临着陷入中等收入陷阱的风险；欠发达国家和发展中国家则无力抵御外部经济动荡。廉价劳动力、出口以及制造业等传统竞争力可能弱化。但亚洲已经成为世界经济的发动机，要继续保持这一优势，就必须找到新的增长动力。 这一动力就是创新。发达经济体必须加大研发、人力资源和生产力投入，借助创新的力量，走出新平庸（ New Mediocre） 。在劳动力、土地以及资本生产力降低的时代，新兴经济体也需要借助创新的力量以避免掉入中等收入陷阱。低收入经济体同样需要进行创新，开发利用长期闲置的资源。 这也正是众多亚洲经济体孜孜不已的事业。本报告给出了关于创新引领者和高效创新实现者的许多具体案例。它们有的一直引领着科学和技术发展，有的起步较晚，但奋起直追，取得了瞩目成就，为其他经济体的创新增长道路树立了很好的榜样。它们取得成功的主要原因包括：政府的制度支持；对人力资源的持续投入；注重知识产权保护；市场友好的投资环境。 虽然没有放之四海而皆准的创新模式，但是本报告提到的创新实践对各经济体不无启发意义。亚洲一向以其多样性和复杂性闻名。复制创新领域的最佳实践也许很难，但是我们可以相互学习，也可以不断在实践中进行尝试和总结。这也是本报告的初衷：分