SHIFTING PARADIGM OF GLOBALIZATION 全球化范式的转变 CONTENT 目录 包容性全球化的新视角 NEW PERSPECTIVE OF INCLUSIVE GLOBALIZATION 全球价值活力城市指数 INDEX FOR DYNAMIC CITIES WITH GLOBAL VALUE “一带一路”潜力城市指数 INDEX FOR“BELT AND ROAD”POTENTIAL CITIES 02 01 中国城市规划设计研究院 / China Academy of Urban Planning populism and protectionism are on the rise; the anti-globalization tides are surging; and the new barriers are emerging. On the other hand, the gap between the rich and the poor caused by the previous round of globalization is enlarging, and the Matthew Eect becomes much more obvious. Events like Occupy Wall Street in New York and the Yellow Vests Movement in Paris relfect that the optimal global city mode in the western world represented by New York and London is confronted with such serious problems as “expelling” , “dissatisfac- tion” and “dierentiation” caused by the wealth gap, the social dierentiation and the city gentrication. Now the economic globalization featured with the neoliberalism is in an intersection and eager for a new way out. As the current world is undergoing major development, changes and adjustments, the western developed economies adhering to BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE LEADS INCLUSIVE GLOBALIZATION “一带一路”倡议引领包容性全球化 当今世界处于大发展大变革大调整时 期，在传统全球化模式陷入困境和加 新自由主义全球化陷入困境 THE GLOBALIZATION OF NEOLIBERALISM IN DEEP WATER 04 03 中国城市规划设计研究院 / China Academy of Urban Planning while the developed countries need to resolve the urgent issues such as domestic imbalanced development and the social polarization. Only with more inclusive and fair mode can globalization sustain. Adhering to the Silk Road Spirit of “peace and cooperation, open- ness and inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual benet” , China proposed the Belt and Road Initiative which is a eective solution with Chinese wisdom to solve the problem of imbalanced develop- ment. As the initiative is put forward to facilitate the future interna- tional cooperation, it has revealed the vision of the interconnection between the Chinese dream and the dream of the world and the community with shared future for mankind jointly build by all coun- tries, and ushered in the new thought of the inclusive globalization.速转型的背景下，秉持“全球化回 缩”策略的西方发达经济体与希望扩 大开放的新兴经济体正在激烈博弈。 然而，现代生产方式、交通方式和通 信技术正在加速链接全球，世界已经 不可能退回到封闭孤立的时代。全球 化仍是未来全球发展的重要动力。 一方面，上一阶段未能在全球化进程 中获益的大量发展中国家亟待融入新 的全球化进程，另一方面，发达国家 内部不均衡和社会极化问题也亟待解 决。全球化需要更加包容、公平的模 式，才能继续走下去。 “一带一路”倡议秉持“和平合作、 开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢”的 丝绸之路精神，正是中国为解决不平 衡问题而提出的、具有中国智慧的良 方，是面向未来的国际合作新共识， 展现了中国梦与世界梦相互联通，各 国携手打造人类命运共同体的美好愿 景，引领了包容性全球化的新思潮。“一带一路”倡议下的全球城市 / Global Cities in the Visionof Belt and Road Initiative2013 年以来，共建“一带一路”倡 议以政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅 通、资金融通和民心相通为主要内容 扎实推进。政策沟通是共建“一带一 路”的重要保障。“一带一路”倡议 提出至今，中国与有关国家和国际组 织充分沟通协调，形成了共建“一带 一路”的广泛国际合作共识。设施联 通是“一带一路”建设的基础和重要 载体。以铁路、公路、航运、航空、 管道、空间综合信息网络等为核心的 “一带一路”潜力城市：五通 “BELT AND ROAD” POTENTIAL CITIES: POTENTIAL ON FIVE MAJOR GOALS Since 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative have been promoted steadily from ve major aspects including policy coordination, facilities connectivity, unimpeded trade, nancial integration and people-to-people bonds. Policy coordination is an important guaran- tee for the joint promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative. From the proposal of the Belt and Road Initiative till now, China and related countries and international organizations have reached the extensive consensus on international cooperation based on the full communi- cation and coordination . The facilities connectivity is the basis and the important carrier for the construction of the Belt and Road Initia- tive. The the infrastructure network including the railway, road, shipping, aviation, pipeline and spatial information network is built up in an accelerated manner, eectively improving the ecient 全球价值活力城市：网络协同 包容性全球化的新视角 NEW PERSPECTIVE OF INCLUSIVE GLOBALIZATION DYNAMIC CITIES WITH GLOBAL VALUE: SYNERGY AMONG THREE NETWORKS 新自由主义全球化背景下，全球城 市研究大致可以分为“控制中心” 和“网络关联”两个视角：Fried- mann等为代表的学者，从综合“控 制中心”视角，通过跨国公司总部 数量、国际机构数量、制造业规 模、交通设施等级等综合属性指标 评价城市的全球地位，以核心-边 缘、等级结构解读全球城市格局， 较关注全球资本支配能力； Sassen、Castells、GaWC为代表的 学者和机构，从单一“网络关联” 视角，基于金融、信息等生产服务 领域的总部与分支网络关系，识别 城市在全球服务网络中的集聚度和 关联度，以流动网络解读全球城市 格局，更强调全球资本服务能力。 以上两种视角较多强调顶级全球城 市的作用，契合了新自由主义全球 化的发展理念，在当时具有很强的 解释力。 在包容性全球化时代，全球化的动力 更加丰富，全球价值链的内涵更加复 杂：科技创新资源、创新活动、创新 服务的全球化正在发挥无可比拟的重 要影响力，将改变全球城市格局；智 能制造、分布式生产等现代制造方式 为先进制造环节回归大城市提供机 遇，生产呈现服务化趋势，生产网络 Against the backdrop of the neoliberalism-oriented globalization, the study about global cities are conducted mainly from two perspectives: Control Center and Network Connection. From the perspective of “Control Center” , scholars represented by Fried- mann evaluated the cities global position by means of various comprehensive attribute indicators including the quantity of head- quarters of transnational companies, the number of international organizations, the scale of the manufacturing industry and the level of trac facilities, interpreted the global city landscape based on the core-edge and hierarchical structure, and paid more atten- tion to the global capital control capacity. From the single “Net- work Connection” perspective, other scholars and institutes repre- sented by Sassen, Castells and GaWC have identied the concen- tration level and the relevance of cities in the global service network based on the connectivity between the headquarters and branch network in nance, information and other production service areas, interpreted the global city landscape based on the mobile network and placed more emphasis on the global capital service capacity. The two perspectives have largely highlighted the role of top global cities, corresponded to the development concept of the neoliberalism globalization. Therefore, they are self-explan- atory. In the age of inclusive globalization, the globalization enjoys diversied engines and the global value chain is more sophisticat- ed. As the globalization featuring high-tech and innovative resources, activities and service is exerting its incomparable inu- ence, it will completely change the global city landscape. Smart manufacturing, the distributed production and other modern man- ufacturing methods will pose great opportunity for the advanced manufacturing activities to return to the big cities, and the produc- tion will be transformed to service. As the manufacturing network 06 05 中国城市规划设计研究院 / China Academy of Urban Planning the connectivity of various global elements such as people, commodities and information deter- mines that whether there is possibility for the city to participate in the globalization and the global connectivity facility network has become the premise of obtaining development opportunities from the economic globalization. The global innovation network, the global production and service network and the global connectivity facility network have jointly determined the competitiveness of the global cities. With the ever erce competition, the trend of seeking common impetus and shared value among the global cities has become more obvious. The cities cannot sustain its competitiveness and resilience if they only have a single development driver or are advantageous in only certain link of the global value chain. Only when they occupy a dominant position in the above-mentioned three major networks, maintain active and promote the interaction of dierent links of the global value chain can they maintain the leading position and sustainable competitiveness in the global value chain and become dynamic cities with global value. “一带一路”倡议下的全球城市 / Global Cities in the Visionof Belt and Road Initiative基于全球价值链视角，从全球创新 网络、全球生产与服务网络、全球 联通设施网络三个维度出发，揭示 全球城市实力格局。 顶级城市格局整体稳定，复合型城市竞争力更强， 亚洲城市及新兴国家的后发城市实力显现 THE TOP TIER CITIES POSSESS STRONG ADVANTAGE; THE FULL-FUNCTIONED CITIES HAVE BETTER COMPETITIVENESS; ASIAN CITIES AND OTHER DEVELOPING CITIES OF EMERGING MARKETS ARE RISING 08 07 中国城市规划设计研究院 / China Academy of Urban Planning & Design 全球价值活力城市指数 INDEX FOR DYNAMIC CITIES WITH GLOBAL VALUE 全球城市处世界大变局之中，顶级 城市格局整体稳定，综合实力较强 的城市排名靠前，亚洲城市呈现出 较强实力。 排名显示，东京、香港、伦敦、纽 约、汉堡、巴黎等城市位居全球城市 前列。尽管维持了传统全球城市排名 的大格局，“分化”的暗流已经在涌 动。作为全球顶级城市“纽伦港”， 在基于三大网络协同构建的全新评价 指标体系下，除香港凭借强大的联通 能力排名全球第 2 外，伦敦、纽约排 名下跌幅度较大，分别跌至全球第4 位和第 7 位。相应地，近年来伴随着 亚太地区经济持续快速发展，亚洲城 市东京、北京、新加坡也进入全球前 五位，形成对传统全球中心城市地位 格局挑战之势。 新兴国家的后发城市上榜。以孟买（第 29）、曼谷（第32）、吉隆坡（第 47）为代表的新兴国家城市纷纷上 榜，整体性崛起势头强劲。在欧美及 As the global cities are in the worlds major transformation, the land- scape of the top cities is relatively stable and cities with competitive comprehensive strength rank among the best and Asian cities gaining momentum. According to the specic ranking, Tokyo, Hong Kong, London, New York, Hamburg and Paris are ranked among the best in the world. Although the overall pattern of ranking of traditional global cities remains the same, the “polarization” trend has been revealed. In terms of three global top cities (New York, London and Hong Kong), under the brand-new evaluation index system established based on the coordination of three major networks, Hong Kong still ranks second by its powerful connection capacity, yet New York and London decline to the 7th and the 4th respectively . Accordingly, with the continuous and rapid economic development in the Asia-Pacic region and due to the eect of Brexit and the rising of trade protec- tionism in the U.S.A, Asian cities such as Tokyo, Beijing and Singapore have ranked among the top ve cities in the world, challenging the traditional global central cities position. Meanwhile, cities in emerging countries are also included in the ranking list, represented by Mumbai (the 29th), Bangkok (the 32nd) and Kuala Lumpur (the 47th) with the powerful rising momentum. Due to the economic layout, the industrial transfer and the port The global cities strength pattern can be revealed based on the perspective of global value chain and from three aspects-the global innovation network, the global production and service network and the global facilities connectivity network. 基础设施网络正在加快形成，有效促 进了各类资源要素高效利用和有序流 动。贸易畅通是共建“一带一路”的 重要内容。投资贸易合作消除投资和 贸易壁垒，促进了沿线国家和地区贸 易投资自由化便利化，降低了交易成 本和营商成本，激发释放合作潜力， 进一步提升了各国参与经济全球化的 广度和深度。资金融通是共建“一带 一路”的重要支撑。国际多边金融机 构以及各类商业银行不断探索创新投 融资模式，积极拓宽多样化融资渠 道，为共建“一带一路”提供稳定、 透明、高质量的资金支持。民心相通 是共建“一带一路”的人文基础。国 之交在于民相亲，民相亲在于心相 通。沿线各国开展了形式多样、领域 广泛的公共外交和文化交流，对于促 进种种“硬合作”，也具有非常积极 和重要的推动作用。 随着“一带一路”倡议的推进，双 边、次区域、地区和跨地区合作不断 深化，将引发全球城市格局变化。政 策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金 融通和民心相通等“一带一路”建设 重点领域共同决定了全球城市的潜力 格局。在五通领域整体表现突出的城 市，未来将更加深入地参与全球竞 争，成为“一带一路”潜力城市。 utilization and orderly circulation of various resources and elements. The unimpeded trade is the important content for the common construction of the Belt and Road Initiative. The investment and trade cooperation eliminate the investment and trade barriers, promote the liberalization and facilitation of the trade and investment in various countries and regions along the Belt and Road, reduce the costs of transaction and business operation, stimulate and release the coop- eration potential, and further enhance the width and depth of the participation of various countries in the economic globalization. The nancial integration serves as a signicant support for the common construction of the Belt and Road Initiative. International multilateral nancial institutions and commercial banks keep exploring and innovating the investment and nancing mode, positively broaden the diversied nancing channels and provide the stable, transparent and high-quality capital support for the common construction of the Belt and Road Initiative. The people-to-people bonds is the humanis- tic basis for the common construction of the Belt and Road Initiative. Friendship, which derives from close contact between the people, holds the key to sound state-to-state relations. Therefore, various related countries have carried out extensive public diplomatic and cultural exchange activities, which will promote corresponding solid cooperation. As the advancing of the Belt and Road Initiative, bilateral, sub-region- al, regional and trans-regional cooperation is continuously deep- ened, which will trigger the change in the global cities landscape. The critical elds of the Belt and Road Initiative, namely policy coordina- tion, facilities connectivity, unimpeded trade, nancial integration and people-to-people bonds, will jointly determine the potential of global cities. Cities with remarkable performances on the ve key areas will deeply participate in the global competition in the future, and become a potential city of the Belt and Road Initiative. “一带一路”倡议下的全球城市 / Global Cities in the Visionof Belt and Road Initiative